引力 [AN INTRODUCTION TO EINSTEINS GENERAL RELATIVITY] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

引力 [AN INTRODUCTION TO EINSTEINS GENERAL RELATIVITY] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

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引力 [AN INTRODUCTION TO EINSTEINS GENERAL RELATIVITY] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

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内容简介

　　Einstein的广义相对论是现代物理的基石。它包括了大量讲述时空的前沿话题，黑洞、重力波以及宇宙学。随着广义相对论越来越成为同时代物理和天文学的中心，其在本科教育中的地位也显得尤为重要。这本全新的教材很适合本科生作为了解该课程的基础理论。物理优先、数学理论尽可能少、大量的应用实例，作者为物理学家和对该学科感兴趣的读者自然顺畅的讲述了这门学科。
　　读者对象：《引力》适用于物理专业的本科生，研究生以及对该学科感兴趣的广大读者。
　　目次：（第一部分）牛顿物理和狭义相对论中的时空：引力物理；几何作为物理；牛顿物理中的空间；时间和引力；狭义相对论原理；狭义相对论力学； （第二部分）广义相对论的弯曲时空：引力作为几何；弯曲时空的描述；测地线；球形星体外的几何；广义相对论的太阳系检验；实用相对论引力；引力坍缩和黑洞；天体物理学黑洞；微小转动；旋转黑洞；引力波；宇宙观察；宇宙学模型；什么是宇宙以及为什么；（第三部分）Einstein方程：数学部分；曲率和Einstein方程；曲率源；引力波发射；相对论星体。

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目录

Preface
PART I SPACE AND TIME IN NEWTONIAN　PHYSICS AND SPECIAL RELATIVITY
1 Gravitational Physics
2 Geometry as Physics
2.1 Gravity Is Geometry
2.2 Experiments in Geometry
2.3 Different Geometries
2.4 Specifying Geometry
2.5 Coordinates and Line Element
2.6 Coordinates and Invariance

3 Space， Time， and Gravity in　Newtonian Physics
3.1 Inertial Frames
3.2 The Principle of Relativity
3.3 Newtonian Gravity
3.4 Gravitational and Inertial Mass
3.5 Variational Principle for Newtonian Mechanics

4 Principles of Special Relativity
4.1 The Addition of Velocities and the Michelson-Morley Experiment
4.2 Einsteins Resolution and Its Consequences
4.3 Spacetime
4.4 Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox
4.5 Lorentz Boosts
4.6 Units

5 Special Relativistic Mechanics
5.1 Four-Vectors
5.2 Special Relativistic Kinematics
5.3 Special Relativistic Dynamics
5.4 Variational Principle for Free Particle Motion
5.5 Light Rays
5.6 Observers and Observations

PART Ⅱ THE CURVED SPACETIMES OF GENERAL RELATIVITY
6 Gravity as Geometry
6.1 Testing the Equality of Gravitational and Inertial Mass
6.2 The Equivalence Principle
6.3 Clocks in a Gravitational Field
6.4 The Global Positioning System
6.5 Spacetime Is Curved
6.6 Newtonian Gravity in Spacetime Terms

7 The Description of Curved Spacetime
7.1 Coordinates
7.2 Metric
7.3 The Summation Convention
7.4 Local Inertial Frames
7.5 Light Cones and World Lines
7.6 Length， Area， Volume， and Four-Volume for Diagon Metrics
7.7 Embedding Diagrams and Wormholes
7.8 Vectors in Curved Spacetime
7.9 Three-Dimensional Surfaces in Four-Dimensional　Spacetime

8 Geodesics
8.1 The Geodesic Equation
8.2 Solving the Geodesic Equation——-Symmetries and　Conservation Laws
8.3 Null Geodesics
8.4 Local Inertial Frames and Freely Falling Frames

9 The Geometry Outside a Spherical Star
9.1 Schwarzschild Geometry
9.2 The Gravitational Redshift
9.3 Particle Orbits——Precession of the Perihelion
9.4 Light Ray Orbits——The Deflection and Time Delay of Light

10 Solar System Tests of General Relativity
10.1 Gravitational Redshift
10.2 PPN Parameters
10.3 Measurements of the PPN Parametery
10.4 Measurement of the PPN Parameter B-Precession of Mercurys Perihelion

11 Relativistic Gravity in Action
11.1 Gravitational Lensing
11.2 Accretion Disks Around Compact Objects
11.3 Binary Pulsars

12 Gravitational Collapse and Black Holes
12.1 The Schwarzschild Black Hole
12.2 Collapse to a Black Hole
12.3 Kruskal-Szekeres Coordinates
12.4 Nonspherical Gravitational Collapse

13 Astrophysical Black Holes
13.1 Black Holes in X-Ray Binaries
13.2 Black Holes in Galaxy Centers
13.3 Quantum Evaporation of Black Holes——Hawking Radiation

14 A Little Rotation
14.1 Rotational Dragging of Inertial Frames
14.2 Gyroscopes in Curved Spacetime
14.3 Geodetic Precession
14.4 Spacetime Outside a Slowly Rotating Spherical Body
14.5 Gyroscopes in the Spacetime of a Slowly Rotating Body
14.6 Gyros and Freely Falling Frames

15 Rotating Black Holes
15.1 Cosmic Censorship
15.2 The Kerr Geometry
15.3 The Horizon of a Rotating Black Hole
15.4 Orbits in the Equatorial Plane
15.5 The Ergosphere

16 Gravitational Waves
16.1 A Linearized Gravitational Wave
16.2 Detecting Gravitational Waves
16.3 Gravitational Wave Polarization
16.4 Gravitational Wave Interferometers
16.5 The Energy in Gravitational Waves

17 The Universe Observed
17.1 The Composition of the Universe
17.2 The Expanding Universe
17.3 Mapping the Universe

18 Cosmological Models
18.1 Homogeneous， Isotropic Spacetimes
18.2 The Cosmological Redshift
18.3 Matter， Radiation， and Vacuum
18.4 Evolution of the Flat FRW Models
18.5 The Big Bang and Age and Size of the Universe
18.6 Spatially Curved Robertson-Walker Metrics
18.7 Dynamics of the Universe

19 Which Universe and Why？
19.1 Surveying the Universe
19.2 Explaining the Universe

PART III THE EINSTEIN EQUATION
20 A Little More Math
20.1 Vectors
20.2 Dual Vectors
20.3 Tensors
20.4 The Covariant Derivative
20.5 Freely Falling Frames Again

21 Curvature and the Einstein Equation
21.1 Tidal Gravitational Forces
21.2 Equation of Geodesic Deviation
21.3 Riemann Curvature
21.4 The Einstein Equation in Vacuum
21.5 Linearized Gravity

22 The Source of Curvature
22.1 Densities
22.2 Conservation
22.2 Conservation of Energy-Momentum
22.3 The Einstein Equation
22.4 The Newtonian Limit

23 Gravitational Wave Emission
23.1 The Linearized Einstein Equation with Sources
23.2 Solving the Wave Equation with a Source
23.3 The General Solution of Linearized Gravity
23.4 Production of Weak Gravitational Waves
23.5 Gravitational Radiation from Binary Stars
23.6 The Quadrupole Formula for the Energy Loss in Gravitational Waves
23.7 Effects of Gravitational Radiation Detected in a Binary Pulsar
23.8 Strong Source Expectations

24 Relativistic Stars
24.1 The Power of the Pauli Principle
24.2 Relativistic Hydrostatic Equilibrium
24.3 Stellar Models
24.4 Matter in Its Ground State
24.5 Stability
24.6 Bounds on the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars

APPENDIXES
A Units
A.1 Units in General
A.2 Units Employed in this Book
B Curvature Quantities
C Curvature and the Einstein Equation
D Pedagogical Strategy
D.1 Pedagogical Principles
D.2 Organization
D.3 Constructing Courses
Bibliography
Index

前言/序言

　　~Einsteins relativistic theory of gravitation——general relativity——will shortly be acentury old. At its core is one of the most beautiful and revolutionary conceptionsof modem science——the idea that gravity is the geometry of four-dimensionalcurved spacetime. Together with quantum theory， general relativity is one of thetwo most profound developments of twentieth-century physics.　 General relativity has been accurately tested in the solar system. It underliesour understanding of the universe on the largest distance scales， and is centralto the explanation of such frontier astrophysical phenomena as gravitational col-lapse， black holes， X-ray sources， neutron stars， active galactic nuclei， gravita-tional waves， and the big bang. General relativity is the intellectual origin of manyideas in contemporary elementary particle physics and is a necessary prerequisiteto understanding theories of the unification of all forces such as string theory.　 An introduction to this subject， so basic， so well established， so central to sev-eral branches of physics， and so interesting to the lay public is naturally a partof the education of every undergraduate physics major. Yet teaching general rel-ativity at an undergraduate level confronts a basic problem. The logical order ofteaching this subject （as for most others） is to assemble the necessary mathemati-cal tools， motivate the basic defining equations， solve the equations， and apply thesolutions to physically interesting circumstances. Developing the tools of differ-ential geometry， introducing the Einstein equation， and solving it is an elegant andsatisfying story. But it can also be a long one， too long in fact to cover both thatand introduce the many con~~temporary applications in the time that is typicallyavailable for an introductory undergraduate course.　 Gravity introduces general relativity in a different order. The principles onwhich it is based are discussed at greater length in Appendix D， but essentiallythe strategy is the following： The simplest physically relevant solutions of theEinstein equation are presented first， without derivation， as spacetimes whose ob-servational consequences are to be explored by the study of the motion of testparticles and light rays in them. This

引力 [AN INTRODUCTION TO EINSTEINS GENERAL RELATIVITY] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

引力 [AN INTRODUCTION TO EINSTEINS GENERAL RELATIVITY] 下载 epub mobi pdf txt 电子书 2024

评分☆☆☆☆☆

书看上去和图书馆里的一样，很好很满意。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

很喜欢深入浅出的书籍大致翻了翻，数学内容较多，和另一本英文引力对应看，毕竟一个重理论，一个重数学，都是必要的。当然这些都是针对新手来说的，若有基础的话可以只参考这本！

评分☆☆☆☆☆

很喜欢深入浅出的书籍大致翻了翻，数学内容较多，和另一本英文引力对应看，毕竟一个重理论，一个重数学，都是必要的。很喜欢深入浅出的书籍大致翻了翻，数学内容较多，和另一本英文引力对应看，毕竟一个重理论，一个重数学，都是必要的。很喜欢深入浅出的书籍大致翻了翻，数学内容较多，和另一本英文引力对应看，毕竟一个重理论，一个重数学，都是必要的。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

引力的产生与质量的产生是联系在一起的，质量是物质的内秉性质，由空间的变化产生的一种效应，引力附属质量的产生而出现。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

给本科生的广义相对论教材，看着像是科普类的，我更喜欢数学框架严谨的资料。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

但是对为什么产生引力目前没有解释。近代物理（广义相对论）认为万有引力是由于时空弯曲而产生。众所周知，两点之间线段最短，这是在平面几何中的公理，这线段就是短程线。然而，在被弯曲的四维时空里，短程线也被弯曲了。因此受到引力作用，行星沿短程线向太阳靠近，由于质量巧合（包括速度巧合）的原因，又因为行星具有惯性（很多人理解成离心力，这是错的，离心力只是假象，宇宙中根本并不存在离心力，至少现在没有发现），从而周而复始的绕太阳按椭圆轨道公转。当质量不巧合时，会出现引力跳板现象，或撞向太阳。其中，构成天体系统的主要原因并不是引力，而是质量所引起的时空扭曲。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

还没有读完，哎，我这个懒人

评分☆☆☆☆☆

很喜欢深入浅出的书籍大致翻了翻，数学内容较多，和另一本英文引力对应看，毕竟一个重理论，一个重数学，都是必要的。很喜欢深入浅出的书籍大致翻了翻，数学内容较多，和另一本英文引力对应看，毕竟一个重理论，一个重数学，都是必要的。很喜欢深入浅出的书籍大致翻了翻，数学内容较多，和另一本英文引力对应看，毕竟一个重理论，一个重数学，都是必要的。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

在地球上重力的吸引作用赋予物体重量并使它们向地面下落。此外，万有引力是太阳和地球等天体之所以存在的原因；没有万有引力天体将无法相互吸引形成天体系统，而我们所知的生命形式也将不会出现。万有引力同时也使地球和其他天体按照它们自身的轨道围绕太阳运转，月球按照自身的轨道围绕地球运转，形成潮汐，以及其他我们所观察到的各种各样的自然现象。

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