序 Acknowledgements Abstract 摘要 Abbreviations Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Rationale for the Present Research 1.2 Overview of Exemplification Research 1.3 Research Objectives 1.4 Research Methodology 1.5 Research Framework 1.6 Outline of the Book
Chapter Two Intentionality of Illustrative Examples 2.1 Evidence for the Functions of Illustrative Examples 2.1.1 Psycholmguistic Evidence 2.1.2 Empirical Evidence 2.2 Nature of Illustrative Examples 2.2.1 Infinite Utterances vs. Prototypical Examples 2.2.2 Syntagmatic Relationship vs. Paradigmatic Relationship 2.3 Classification of Examples Functions 2.3.1 Descriptive Approach 2.3.2 User-oriented Approach 2.3.3 A Refined Classification of Examples Functions 2.3.4 A Case Study of the Exemplification of the Word monopoly 2.3.5 Discussion 2.4 Evincing lexicographic Intentions in Illustrative Examples 2.5 Summary
Chapter Three Informativity of Illustrative Examples 3.1 Impacts of Technological Innovations on the Choice of Dictionary Examples 3.1.1 Manual Collection of Data 3.1.2 Computer Corpus and KWIC Concordancing 3.1.3 Word Sketch Engine 3.1.4 FrameNet Concordancing 3.1.5 Summary of the Technological Advances 3.2 Semantic Information in Illustrative Examples 3.2.1 Overview of Frame Semantics 3.2.2 Implications of Frame Semantics for Lexicography 3.2.3 Application of Frame Semantics to Exemplification: A Case Study of the Lemma conclude 3.2.4 Procedures for Selecting Informative Examples from Corpus 3.3 Combinatory Information in Illustrative Examples 3.3.1 Significance of Word Combinatory Information in Linguistics and in Lexicography 3.3.2 Classification of Word Combinations: An Overview 3.3.3 Approaches to Phraseological Study 3.3.4 Method 3.3.5 Results 3.3.6 Discussion 3.3.7 Principles of Exemplifying Collocations 3.4 Syntactic Information in Illustrative Examples 3.4.1 Overview of Lexicogrammars 3.4.2 Treatment of Syntactic Information in Illustrative Examples in the "Big Five 3.5 Summary
Chapter Four Cohesion Between the Illustrative Example and the Source Text 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Relevant Studies 4:2.1 Theoretical Underpinnings 4.2.2 Critique of Relevant Research 4.3 Method 4.4 Results 4.4.1 Number of Example Sentences in the Sample Data 4.4.2 Person Deictic Expressions in Example Sentences 4.4.3 Place Deictic Expressions in Example Sentences 4.4.4 Time Deictic Expressions in Example Sentences 2 4.5 Discussion 4.5.1 Person Deictics from a Perspective of Information Structure Theory 4.5.2 here and there: Markers of Simultaneous Spoken Discourse 4.5.3 Conditions for Using Minor Types of Verb Tenses 4.6 Summary
Chapter Five Cohesion Between the Illustrative Example and the Dictionary Text 5.1 Relevant Studies 5.2 Method 5.3 Results 5.3.1 Effects of Word Frequency, Part-of-Speech and Lexical Meaning on Exemplification 5.3.2 Factors Affecting Exemplification of Regionalisms 5.3.3 Effects of a Words Subject Field on Exemplification 5.3.4 Effects of a Words Currency on Exemplification 5.3.5 Effects of a Words Style on Exemplification 5.3.6 Effects of a Words Attitude on Exemplification 5.3.7 Summary of the Results 5.4 Discussion 5.5 Summary
Chapter Six Acceptability of Illustrative Examples to EFL Learners 6.1 Relevant Studies 6.1.1 Users Needs for Examples 6.1.2 Effectiveness of Different Types of Examples in Language Learning Tasks 6.1.3 Effects of the Users Proficiency Level and the Background Knowledge on the Selection of Examples 6.1.4 Summary of Previous Studies 6.2 Method 6.3 Results 6.3.1 Results of the Questionnaire Survey 6.3.2 Results of the CLEC Concordances of the Erroneous Structure although...but.. 6.4 Discussion: Theorizing the Findings with Relevance Theory 6.4.1 Overview of Relevance Theory 6.4.2 Interpreting with Relevance Theory the Criterion of Acceptability for Illustrative Examples 6.5 Summary
Chapter Seven Conclusions 7.1 Main Findings 7.2 Implications 7.2.1 Implications for the Practice of Dictionary Exemplification 7.2.2 Implications for the Development of Metalexicographical Theory 7.3 Limitations of the 7.4 Concluding Remarks References Appendix Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5
精彩書摘
2.2 Nature of Illustrative Examples With the conviction that exemplification is an effective device, lexicographers have to consider another important issue: what is the nature of an illustrative example? The issue will be approached from modem linguistics perspective. 2.2.1 Infinite Utterances vs. Prototypical Examples Infinite utterances are possibly produced with a small number of linguistic rules. Hence, a word in question is likely to occur in an unlimited number of utterances. Even in a medium-sized computer corpus, a target word is often shown in many instances of usage. Yet, not every instance of word usage in a corpus is suitable for a diction- ary example. Of the numerous examples of usage, some illustrate the typical usage of a target word, and some are just untypical instances of usage. Consider the following sentences: (1) The dog is in the yard. (2) The dog is barking in the yard. Both sentences are appropriate in some situations, but in exemplifying the entry word dog in a dictionary intended for elementary learners, we may choose the second sentence as an example and drop the first one.
前言/序言
徐海博士帶來書稿的清樣索序,讓我分享他的一份喜悅。隨同書稿,他還給我捎來一篇文章。起初我沒看清楚是什麼內容。他走後,我瞅瞭一眼:原來是一篇將書稿部分內容加以拓展和深化而形成的論文,已為《國際詞典學雜誌》(International Journal of Lxicography)所采用。在此之前,徐海博士已經在《國際詞典學雜誌》上發錶過論文,也是從本書稿中抽齣的其中一些精華的章節。換言之,徐博士在本書中所體現的研究成果是為國際詞典學界的同行所認可的。現在他在國內推齣瞭全書,是件可喜可賀的事,我想讀者乃至詞典學界的人士都會從中受益的。 近20年來,詞典學的專著,一部接一部齣版,從通論到專論,從宏觀研究至微觀研究,功夫愈做愈細,問題的探討也越來越深入,而視野則越來越開闊。徐博士這本《英語學習型詞典典型詞例的選取》就是個好例子。他探索的是一個範圍有限的問題,但卻綜閤瞭現代詞典學、語言學、語料庫語言學等成果,進行瞭多角度、全方位的研究。在這個問題上,采取較全麵、較大規模的定量分析的,他是第一人,一反過去某些人隻滿足於主觀推論或經驗鋪陳的做法。他的研究結論牢牢地建立在他所獲得的數據的基礎之上。因此,本書在提高英語學習型詞典詞例選取的質量方麵、具有理論上的啓發意義和實踐上的指導意義,應該是無可置疑的。 我國詞典學的發展齣現瞭一個可喜的現象,開始和世界的同行接軌:在國際學術團體任職者有之,在國際會議上作主題發言人的有之,在國外的著名齣版社或權威刊物齣書、發文者有之。也就是說,我國的學者已經能夠和世界的詞典學傢站在一個平颱上說話。徐海博士就是這樣一名能與國際學界對話的年輕學者。他這本著作用英文齣版,不消說,將獲得交流之便。但有點可惜的是,本書主要在國內發行,不諳英文的讀者,也就無緣瞭解本書的內容以及其中所應用的理論和方法。但願徐博士不久將來還有機會推齣同類的中文著作,惠及我國廣大讀者和辭書工作者。