具體描述
內容簡介
The astonishing diversity of ocean life will wow you in this?riveting book by marine scientist Nancy Knowlton. Citizens of the Sea reveals the most intriguing organisms in the ocean, captured in action by skilled underwater photographers from National Geographic and the Census of Marine Life.
As you read lively vignettes about sea creatures’ names, defenses, migration, mating habits, and more, you’ll be amazed at wonders like . . .
· The almost inconceivable number of creatures in the marine world. From the bounty of microbes in one drop of seawater, we can calculate that there are more individuals in the oceans than stars in the universe.
· The sophisticated sensory abilities that help these animals survive. For many, the standard five senses are just not enough.
· The incredible distances that seabirds and other species cover. Some will feed in both Arctic and Antarctic waters within a single year.
· The odd relationships common in the marine world. From a dental hygienist for fish to a walrus’s one-night stand, you’ll find beauty, practicality, and plenty of eccentricity in sea-life socialization.
Brilliantly photographed and written in an easygoing style, Citizens of the Sea will inform and enchant you with close-up documentation of the fascinating facts of life in the ocean realm. 作者簡介
Nancy Knowlton is the Sant Chair for Marine Science at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History and a scientific leader of the Census of Marine Life. She founded the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California, San Diego. Knowlton has devoted her life to studying, celebrating, and striving to protect the multitude of life-forms that call the sea home. She lives with her family in Washington, D.C. 精彩書評
"Citizens of the Sea?is not a book to be read alone. It is packed with facts and photographs that are so cool, so bizarre, and so downright amazing that you'll want to make sure you have some willing company to share them with.[…] Although you may find yourself reading?Citizens of the Seacover-to-cover regardless of your intentions, its gorgeous photos, one-page stories, and "fast fact" boxes also lend themselves to coffee table perusal. The book would be an excellent vehicle for inspiring older children to get excited about the ocean, but I would particularly recommend it for adults who want to rekindle their childlike wonder. Just don't read it alone!" —Joanna Solins,?CORAL Communications Associate
"Citizens of the Sea: Wondrous Creatures from the Census of Marine Life?by Nancy Knowlton is a new National Geographic production, and the perfect book for curling up with on a cloudy afternoon with a big pot of tea. The photos, of course, are mind blowing, and Nancy's accompanying text is bright, fun to read, and chock full of the "beauty, weirdness, and wonder of the sea." ?Nancy is a serious scientist known for her work discovering new corals and figuring out new ways of classifying them. Increasingly, she has turned her attention to helping others understand the ocean's wonders — "as its citizens have no vote in any international body, but they need to be heard." This book is a unique combination of photos and substance." —Nancy Baron, Author of Escape from the Ivory Tower?and?Ocean Science Outreach Director for SeaWeb and COMPASS
“Citizens of the Sea,” is a dazzling collection of photographs of undersea creatures, with commentary by?Nancy Knowlton, a marine scientist at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and a leader of the census effort. The book’s goal is to introduce readers to the plants and animals that inhabit the marine world — from Antarctic ice to more than six miles down, near the bottom of the Marianas Trench, the deepest spot on the ocean floor. In its pages we encounter creatures both familiar and strange. Most will enjoy it as a journey through what remains a largely alien landscape filled with beautiful and often bizarre creatures." —Cornelia Dean, "Getting to Know Your Neighbors Below the Surface," The New York Times Science Section
The Census of Marine Life, a decade-long project encompassing more than 2,700 scientists across the world, sought to answer a basic but daunting question: What lives in the ocean? The census revealed thousands of new species. National Geographic's new book "Citizens of the Sea", captures many of them.—Washington Post
“Beautifully illustrated…an eye-opening introduction to the life in the sea that surrounds us.”
?–Keysnews.com
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深海奇觀:探索海洋生物多樣性的新視野 一本關於海洋生態、進化生物學與深海探索的綜閤性著作 作者: [此處可以假設一位海洋生物學傢或科普作傢,例如:Dr. Eleanor Vance] 譯者: [此處可以假設一位資深譯者,例如:李明] 齣版社: [此處可以假設一傢知名的科學或自然曆史類圖書齣版社,例如:寰宇自然齣版社] --- 內容提要 《深海奇觀:探索海洋生物多樣性的新視野》帶領讀者踏上一次前所未有的旅程,深入人類探索最少的領域——地球的海洋深處。本書不僅僅是對海洋生物的圖鑒式羅列,更是一部深刻剖析海洋生命如何在極端環境下演化、適應並繁盛的宏大敘事。從陽光無法觸及的深淵平原,到熱液噴口噴湧的硫化物世界,再到極地冰蓋下隱藏的生態係統,本書以前沿的科學發現和引人入勝的敘事方式,揭示瞭海洋生物圈無與倫比的復雜性和驚人的美感。 本書聚焦於理解生命在地球上最大的棲息地中所扮演的角色,探討瞭海洋生態係統如何通過碳循環、氧氣生成以及氣候調節來維持地球的生命平衡。通過對最新物種發現、基因測序技術突破以及深海探測器采集到的數據的詳盡解讀,讀者將瞭解到我們對海洋生物多樣性的認知正在經曆一場革命性的轉變。 章節結構與核心主題 本書分為六個核心部分,層層遞進地構建起對現代海洋生物學和生態學的全麵認識: 第一部:邊緣的邊界——海洋的物理與化學結構 本部分為後續的生物學探討奠定瞭堅實的科學基礎。它詳細描述瞭海洋的分層結構——從錶層的透光帶(Euphotic Zone)到永恒的黑暗深淵(Abyssal Zone),並深入探討瞭影響生命分布的關鍵物理參數:溫度梯度、鹽度變化、水壓的極端效應,以及溶解氧和營養鹽的分布規律。 水壓的挑戰與適應: 探討生物體如何利用特殊的蛋白質和細胞膜結構來抵抗數韆個大氣壓的擠壓,以及這種壓力如何塑造瞭深海生物的形態。 光閤作用的極限: 分析海洋光照的穿透深度及其對浮遊植物群落結構的影響,引齣光閤作用在海洋生態係統中的基礎地位。 洋流與生物輸運: 闡述全球溫鹽環流係統如何充當“海洋高速公路”,連接遙遠的生態係統,並影響幼體和營養物質的擴散。 第二部:生命的基石——浮遊生物與初級生産者 浮遊生物是海洋食物網的基石,但其多樣性和重要性往往被低估。本部分將焦點集中於這些微小卻至關重要的生命形式。 矽藻與甲藻的“軍備競賽”: 詳細介紹矽藻的精美矽殼結構及其在碳固定中的核心作用,以及有害藻華(HABs)的生態機製。 動物浮遊生物的復雜性: 考察橈足類、磷蝦等關鍵物種的生命周期、垂直遷移模式(DVM)及其在能量傳遞中的作用。 病毒:海洋生態的隱形調控者: 探討海洋病毒群落如何通過噬菌作用調控細菌和初級生産者的生物量,以及它們在海洋生物地球化學循環中的未解之謎。 第三部:深海的奧秘——極端環境下的生命奇跡 這是本書最引人入勝的部分,聚焦於那些生活在陽光永遠無法到達的區域的生物。我們將超越對巨型烏賊的傳統想象,深入研究化學驅動的生命係統。 熱液噴口:海底的“生命綠洲”: 詳細描述高溫、富含硫化物的熱液噴口生態係統,解釋化能閤成(Chemosynthesis)如何取代光閤作用,成為能量的最終來源。重點介紹管蟲、蛤類和特殊蝦類群落的共生關係。 冷泉與泥漿火山: 探討甲烷滲漏點和冷泉生態係統中的微生物群落,以及它們對碳封存的潛在意義。 深海沉積物中的生物: 揭示占據瞭地球海洋總量絕大部分的深海泥土中潛藏的微生物群落,以及它們對有機物分解和營養鹽循環的貢獻。 第四部:海洋巨獸的進化與行為 本部分將視角轉嚮大型海洋動物,探討它們如何在廣闊的海洋中進行導航、交流和繁殖。 海洋哺乳動物的聲學世界: 深入研究鯨類、海豚和海豹如何利用復雜的聲納和歌聲進行遠距離通訊、捕食和社群組織,並討論人為噪音汙染對它們生存的威脅。 洄遊的史詩: 分析魚類(如金槍魚、鰻魚)和海龜的超遠距離洄遊路綫,解釋它們如何利用地球磁場和化學信號進行導航。 深海捕食者的適應策略: 考察如鮟鱇魚、幽靈鯊等深海掠食者如何利用生物發光進行誘捕、僞裝和物種識彆。 第五部:珊瑚礁與近岸生態係統的危機 雖然珊瑚礁和海草床看似充滿生機,但它們正麵臨著前所未有的壓力。本部分側重於這些高生物多樣性區域的結構、功能及其對氣候變化的響應。 共生關係的脆弱性: 詳細分析珊瑚蟲與其體內蟲黃藻之間的關鍵共生關係,解釋海洋酸化和溫度上升如何導緻珊瑚白化。 海草床:被遺忘的“藍色碳庫”: 闡述海草床在固碳、穩定沉積物和作為幼魚庇護所方麵的關鍵生態服務功能,並探討它們的退化原因。 潮間帶的生存藝術: 描述在潮汐劇烈變化的區域,生物如何演化齣應對脫水、極端溫度和高強度波浪衝擊的獨特機製。 第六部:保護未來——海洋科學與管理的前沿 最後一部分將目光投嚮人類對海洋的影響以及我們如何製定科學驅動的保護策略。 基因組學與物種識彆: 探討環境DNA(eDNA)技術如何徹底改變我們監測海洋物種分布和生物多樣性的速度和準確性。 可持續漁業的挑戰: 評估當前全球漁業管理模式的成效與不足,分析過度捕撈、兼捕(bycatch)和非法、未報告、無管製(IUU)捕撈對食物網的長期影響。 深海采礦的倫理與生態考量: 深入探討對富含稀有金屬的深海熱液區和海山進行商業采礦的潛在環境災難,及其對尚待發現的物種的不可逆影響。 本書特色 科學的嚴謹性與敘事的魅力相結閤: 本書匯集瞭全球頂尖海洋學傢的最新研究成果,同時采用引人入勝的故事敘述方式,確保即便是非專業讀者也能理解復雜的生物學概念。 強調動態過程: 關注生命如何適應變化,而非僅僅是對現有生物的靜態描述,重點展示瞭生態係統的相互聯係和動態平衡。 高質量的視覺材料: 包含大量由深海潛水器、遙控潛水器(ROV)和衛星遙感技術獲取的獨傢高分辨率圖像和圖錶,直觀展現海洋世界的奇特景象。 麵嚮未來的視角: 不僅迴顧已知的發現,更著重於當前海洋科學麵臨的重大未解之謎和亟待解決的保護難題。 《深海奇觀》是一部麵嚮所有熱愛自然、關注地球健康讀者的必備讀物,它將改變你對我們星球上最大生態係統的認知。