具體描述
編輯推薦
適讀人群 :高等院校化學工程與工藝、能源化工類本科生,能源化學工程、化學化工專業技術人員。
1.《化工專業英語》取材於相關專業領域的英文原版書籍。針對高年級本科生的英語接受能力,對一些語法句法復雜、生僻專業詞匯偏多的段落進行瞭簡單化處理,使之在保留專業英語原有語境基礎上按通用英文語法進行重新編排,讓學生通過對專業英語的閱讀,逐漸達到能夠直接閱讀專業英語書籍和外文文獻的水平。
2..《化工專業英語》的編寫分為純英文和中文兩大部分,中文與英文部分內容嚴格對照但又各自獨立。在英語部分,所設計的專業詞匯采用英文單詞注解,讓學生在英語思維模式下鞏固專業英語水平和能力。中文部分對文中的漢語詞匯進行瞭英文翻譯。課文的附錄部分包括全書的總詞匯錶、煤化工專業英語詞匯、基本元素詞匯錶。 內容簡介
本教材取材於化學工程及能源化學工程相關領域原汁原味的英文,所選文章涉及煤化工、石油化工、天然氣化工、C1化學、甲醇化學、生物質轉化技術、新能源、燃料電池、氫能等領域。全書共分四個部分、十二個單元,每一單元分為精講和閱讀兩個部分,兩者篇幅一緻、難度相近、領域相同,可適用於不同學時的課堂教學。針對高年級本科生英語接受能力,教材對一些語法復雜、專業詞匯偏多的段落進行瞭統一化處理,在保留專業英語原有語境基礎上按通用英文語法進行重新編排。本教材除用於高等院校化工專業以及能源化學工程專業本科生及研究生專業英語教學,還可用於留學生專業漢語教學及同等水平人員自修參考學習。 精彩書評
NULL 目錄
Part1 Coal Chemistry1
Unit1 Properties of Coal1
Reading Material 1 Situation of China’s Coal5
Exercise 18
第一部分煤化工10
第一單元煤的性質10
閱讀材料1中國煤炭資源12
單元練習114
Unit2 Coal Gasification16
Reading Material 2 Upgrading Technology of Low�睪rade Coal20
Exercise 224
第二單元煤氣化26
閱讀材料2低階煤加工技術28
單元練習230
Unit3 Direct Coal Liquefaction32
Reading Material 3Pollution Control and CO2 Capture35
Exercise 340
第三單元煤直接液化41
閱讀材料3粉煤燃燒及汙染控製43
單元練習346
Part 2Petrochemical47
Unit 4Crude Oil and Refinery Products47
Reading Material 4Atmospheric and Vacuum Crude Oil Distillation51
Exercise 454
第二部分石油化工56
第四單元石油及石油煉製産品56
閱讀材料4常減壓蒸餾59
單元練習461
Unit 5Fluid Catalytic Cracking62
Reading Material 5Catalytic Reforming66
Exercise 569
第五單元流化催化裂化70
閱讀材料5催化重整73
單元練習574
Unit 6Hydrotreating Process76
Reading Material 6Distillate Hydrocracking80
Exercise 684
第六單元加氫處理工藝86
閱讀材料6餾分油加氫裂化88
單元練習690
Part 3Natural Gas and C1 Chemistry91
Unit 7Natural Gas Processing and Transportation91
Reading Material 7Natural Gas Hydrate95
Exercise 799
第三部分天然氣及C1化學101
第七單元天然氣加工及運輸101
閱讀材料7天然氣水閤物104
單元練習7106
Unit 8Fischer�睺ropsch Synthesis107
Reading Material 8Natural Gas in China111
Exercise 8114
第八單元費托閤成116
閱讀材料8中國天然氣現狀118
單元練習8121
Unit 9Methanol Production and Application122
Reading Material 9Atmospheric Pollution and Greenhouse Effect125
Exercise 9129
第九單元甲醇生産及應用131
閱讀材料9大氣汙染與溫室效應133
單元練習9136
Part 4New Energy137
Unit 10Renewable Energy137
Reading Material 10New Energy Vehicle141
Exercise 10145
第四部分新能源147
第十單元可再生能源147
閱讀材料10新能源汽車149
單元練習10151
Unit 11Biofuel152
Reading Material 11Waste Biomass Sources156
Exercise 11159
第十一單元生物燃料160
閱讀材料11廢棄生物質資源163
單元練習11165
Unit 12Fuel Cell166
Reading Material 12Hydrogen Energy170
Exercise 12173
第十二單元燃料電池175
閱讀材料12氫能178
單元練習12180
Appendix(附錄)181
Appendix 1Vocabulary181
Appendix 2Coal Chemical Vocabulary194
Appendix 3Petrochemical Vocabulary196
Reference203
精彩書摘
Gasification process
Coal undergoes a series of chemical and physical changes in a gasification process. At drying stage when coal is heated at temperature higher than 100 ℃, most of the moisture is driven out. At devolatilization stage when coal temperature is increased to 500 ℃, significant devolatilization begins. More volatile materials are released at this stage. Liable bonds between the aromatic clusters in coal structure are cleaved, generating much smaller fragments. Fragments with low molecular weights will vaporize and escape from the coal particle to constitute light gases and tar. At gasification stage when coal temperature is higher than 900 ℃, maximum volatile yield occurs. More gas products were produced in the presence of CO, CO2, CH4, H2 and H2O. The yield and composition of volatile compounds depend on the heating rate and final temperature. Volatile yield at rapid-heating rates is normally 20-40% higher than that at slow-heating rates.
Gasifier
According to the fluidization regime, coal gasifiers are generally classified as moving bed, fluidized bed and entrained flow bed.
a) Moving-bed gasifier
Lurgi gasifier is the oldest gasifier technology that is still widely used in industries. Coal is fed into an atmospheric-pressure-bunker above the gasifier. A valve on the bottom of bunker will be opened when the bunker is full, dropping the coal into a coal lock. Then, the valve will be closed and coal lock is pressured until it reaches the reaction pressure of the gasifier, typically 2.4 to 3.5 MPa. After that, a valve at the bottom of coal lock will be open, dropping the coal into the gasifier. BGL (British Gas Lurgi) gasifier is a slagging version of a Lurgi gasifier. Instead of a grate at the bottom of the gasifier, oxygen and steam are injected into the slag layer through tuyeres. A stirrer near the top of the bed allows the use of caking coals.
Lurgi gasifier BGL gasifier Winkler gasifier
b) Fluidized-bed gasifier
Winkler gasifier, commercialized in 1926, was the first industrial fluidized-bed gasifier technology. In the bubbling fluidized bed regime, coal is fed into the gasifier at atmospheric pressure. At the same time, The gas consisting of steam and air (or oxygen) is splitted into two separated streams which are fed into the gasifier. The stream from the bottom will fluidize the solid coal particles and react with the solid coal combined with another stream from the side. About 70% of the ash is carried by fluidizing gas and is taken into the head space. The low operating temperature and pressure of the winkler gasifier limits the throughput of the gasification. Lignite and sub-bituminous coal with high ash fusibility temperatures are considered as ideal feedstocks under low operating temperatures.
c) Entrained flow gasifiers
The first commercial application of entrained flow coal gasifier was developed by Texaco in 1983. The standard method of feeding coal into a high pressure entrained flow gasifier is to finely grind the coal and then mix it with water to form a pumpable slurry. The slurry and oxygen are injected into the top of the gasifier, and the gas/solid/slag mixtures flow downward. The coal/water slurry feed technique works well with bituminous coals. When using lower grade coals, the water/coal ratio of the slurry feed is often far in excess of optimum due to the high intrinsic moisture in lower grade coals. Therefore, high water content of the slurry feed had to be vaporized by coal pyrolysis.
d) Unconventional gasifiers
NRG plasma gasifier can be served as an alternative coal gasifier. It utilizes a plasma torch to gasify a solid feedstock. This kind of gasifier is especially attractive for more difficult gasified feedstocks, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). Currently, the largest installed NRG gasifier is the Eco-valley waste-to energy facility in Japan, which gasifies 180 t/d of MSW and automotive shredder waste.
Underground coal gasification
In an underground coal gasification (UCG) process, untapped coal-seams are reacted with insufficient oxygen to create syngas underground. An oxidant, usually air, flows through an injection well into a cavity in a coal seam. The oxygen and water within the coal seam react with the coal to produce syngas, which is withdrawn through a production well. Compared to the above-ground gasifiers, UCG offers a considerable capital cost savings by canceling the gasifier and a considerable operating cost savings by eliminating the cost of mining coal. In UCG process, steam may be generated because some coal seams are aquifers. These steams are benefit for char gasification. Some of them are consumed in the water-gas-shift reaction to produce H2 and CO2 from H2O and CO. In addition, partial of H2 will react with carbon to produce CH4, which can enhance the calorific value of the gas.
Entrained flow gasifiers
Specialized English Words
Devolatilization
Liquefaction.
Slagging To obtain a mixture of shale, clay, coal dust, and other mineral waste produced during coal mining.
Tuyere A water-cooled nozzle through which air is blown into a cupola, blast furnace, or forge.
Pyrolysis Decomposition or transformation of a compound caused by heat.
Seam A line of junction formed by sewing together two pieces of material along their margins.
Expressions and Technical Terms
Moving bed Granulated solids in a process vessel that are circulated either by mechanically or by gravity flow; used in catalytic and absorption processes.
Fluidized bed A cushion of air or hot gas blown through the porous bottom slab of a container which can be used to float a powdered material as a means of drying, heating, quenching, or calcining the immersed components.
Entrained flow bed In the entrained flow gasifier a dry pulverized solid, an atomized liquid fuel or a fuel slurry is gasified with oxygen (much less frequent: air) in co-current flow. The gasification reactions take place in a dense cloud of very fine particles.
BGL
(British Gas Lurgi) The principle of a slagging fixed-bed gasifier basing upon the British Gas/Lurgi (BGL) technology is predominantly applied for the generation of high-quality syngas which is free of any attendant substances and can be processed to various product.
Winkler gasifier High-temperature winkler gasifier is one of the oldest gasification technologies which was developed by Rheinbraun in Germany in 1926.
Caking coals When many bituminous coals are heated, they soften and form a plastic mass that swells and resolidifies into a porous solid. Coals that exhibit such behavior are called caking coals.
Notes
① Coal gasification: Coal gasification is the process of producing syngas–a mixture consisting primarily of methane (CH4) carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O)–from coal and water, air and/or oxygen.
② Coal gasifier: Several types of gasifiers are currently available for commercial use: counter-current fixed bed, co-current fixed bed, fluidized bed, entrained flow, plasma, and free radical gasifier.
③ Underground coal gasification (UCG): UCG takes advantage of the same chemical reactions of coal to produce product gases, as those occurring in conventional gasifier reactors. The main difference is that in UCG the underground coal seam itself becomes the reactor, so that the gasification of the coal takes place underground instead of in a manufactured gasification vessel at the surface.
Reading Material 2: Upgrading T
《化工專業英語——化學工程與能源化學工程方嚮(英漢雙語版)》 本書旨在為化學工程與能源化學工程領域的學生、研究人員及從業者提供一套係統、實用的專業英語學習資源。內容涵蓋瞭化學工程和能源化學工程的核心概念、關鍵技術、最新發展以及相關領域的最新文獻和前沿研究,力求在英漢雙語對照的基礎上,幫助讀者掌握紮實的專業英語知識,提升在國際學術交流和科研工作中的溝通能力。 核心內容涵蓋: 化學工程基礎理論與單元操作: 詳細闡述瞭物質傳遞(質量傳遞、熱量傳遞、動量傳遞)的原理與應用,包括流體流動、傳熱、蒸餾、吸收、萃取、結晶、過濾、乾燥、顆粒技術等經典單元操作。內容深入淺齣,結閤瞭大量的實例和圖錶,幫助讀者理解抽象的科學原理。 化學反應工程: 深入探討瞭化學反應動力學、反應器設計、催化劑原理與應用、多相反應係統等內容。重點介紹瞭不同類型反應器的設計理念、性能分析與優化策略,以及均相與非均相催化反應的機理和應用。 化工過程與設備: 全麵介紹瞭化工生産中常見的設備,如泵、壓縮機、換熱器、塔器、反應器、分離設備等的設計、操作與維護。同時,也涵蓋瞭化工過程的模擬、優化與控製,以及過程安全與風險管理。 能源化學工程: 聚焦於當前能源領域的熱點和前沿,包括但不限於: 化石能源的高效利用與清潔轉化: 煤化工、石油化工、天然氣化工中的先進工藝,如煤的氣化、液化、甲醇製烯烴,以及重質油品轉化等。 可再生能源與可持續化學: 生物質能源轉化(生物質氣化、液化、發酵),太陽能化學轉化,氫能技術(製氫、儲氫、用氫),以及二氧化碳捕獲、利用與封存(CCUS)等。 新能源材料與器件: 電池材料、燃料電池、儲能材料、催化劑等在能源領域的應用。 能源係統的優化與管理: 能源效率提升,能源網絡設計,以及能源政策與經濟性分析。 最新研究進展與熱點話題: 關注近年來在化學工程與能源化學工程領域湧現齣的前沿技術和研究方嚮,例如: 綠色化學與可持續過程: 強調環境友好型工藝設計,減少汙染,實現資源的循環利用。 過程強化技術: 微反應器技術、膜分離技術、超臨界流體技術等在提升效率、降低能耗方麵的應用。 智能製造與工業4.0在化工行業的應用: 大數據分析、人工智能、物聯網等技術如何驅動化工生産的智能化轉型。 新型催化劑的開發與應用: 在能源轉化、汙染物治理等領域的新型催化劑研究。 專業英語詞匯與錶達: 提煉瞭化學工程和能源化學工程領域特有的專業術語、常用錶達和句型,並提供瞭準確的英漢對照。讀者可以通過閱讀原汁原味的英文文獻,學習地道的專業錶達方式。 文獻閱讀與寫作指導: 包含如何有效閱讀英文專業文獻的技巧,如文獻檢索、信息提取、批判性分析等。同時,也提供英文科技論文寫作的基本規範和常用結構,幫助讀者提升學術寫作能力。 本書特色: 英漢雙語對照: 所有專業內容均提供原文和中文翻譯,便於讀者對照學習,剋服語言障礙,理解專業概念。 內容係統全麵: 覆蓋瞭化學工程與能源化學工程的學科基礎、核心技術和前沿動態,形成完整的知識體係。 緊密結閤實際: 理論知識與工程實踐緊密結閤,通過大量實例和應用場景,加深讀者對知識的理解和掌握。 突齣前沿性: 重點關注能源領域的新興技術和發展趨勢,為讀者瞭解行業最新動態提供窗口。 實用性強: 旨在提升讀者的英語閱讀、理解和應用能力,為他們在學習、科研和工作中順利進行國際交流打下堅實基礎。 本書適用於高等院校化學工程、能源化學工程、應用化學等相關專業的本科生、研究生,以及從事相關領域科研、工程技術和管理工作的專業人士。通過本書的學習,讀者將能夠更自信地閱讀和理解英文文獻,更準確地進行專業交流,從而在快速發展的化學工程與能源領域取得更大的成就。