The Gunpowder Age

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Tonio Andrade
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Princeton University Press 2016-1-12 Hardcover 9780691135977

具体描述

Tonio Andrade is professor of history at Emory University and the author of Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China’s First Great Victory over the West (Princeton) and How Taiwan Became Chinese.

The Chinese invented gunpowder and began exploring its military uses as early as the 900s, four centuries before the technology passed to the West. But by the early 1800s, China had fallen so far behind the West in gunpowder warfare that it was easily defeated by Britain in the Opium War of 1839–42. What happened? In The Gunpowder Age, Tonio Andrade offers a compelling new answer, opening a fresh perspective on a key question of world history: why did the countries of western Europe surge to global importance starting in the 1500s while China slipped behind?

Historians have long argued that gunpowder weapons helped Europeans establish global hegemony. Yet the inhabitants of what is today China not only invented guns and bombs but also, as Andrade shows, continued to innovate in gunpowder technology through the early 1700s—much longer than previously thought. Why, then, did China become so vulnerable? Andrade argues that one significant reason is that it was out of practice fighting wars, having enjoyed nearly a century of relative peace, since 1760. Indeed, he demonstrates that China—like Europe—was a powerful military innovator, particularly during times of great warfare, such as the violent century starting after the Opium War, when the Chinese once again quickly modernized their forces. Today, China is simply returning to its old position as one of the world’s great military powers.

By showing that China’s military dynamism was deeper, longer lasting, and more quickly recovered than previously understood, The Gunpowder Age challenges long-standing explanations of the so-called Great Divergence between the West and Asia.

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##火药是中国人的发明,可是欧洲人的枪炮后来居上,甚至一度在中国的土地上耀武扬威。中国为何没能把握先机,反而变成了“睡狮”?美国历史学家欧阳泰在《从丹药到枪炮:世界史上的中国军事格局》一书中探讨了军事分流的原因。 其实在欧阳泰之前,也有许多学者解释过中国军事的“...  

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##处所谓“中心”者反思欧洲中心主义最甚,此书廓清一个重要观点:“任何情况下,军事现代化的动力都不该狭隘地理解为西方化”。书从宋朝讲起,至于大清帝国覆灭,以火器战争为中心视野贯穿,视其为历史发展的重要推动力。近代中国之落后西方——所谓“大分流”,认为最大缘由在...  

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##光看书名,我以为会以国人用火的发展史为轴,从炼丹开始聊到武器什么的。结果没有想到,一星半点炼丹书都没提,直接从火药开始聊各种各样的“火器”发展。随着史书记载朝代推进,开始详细介绍各种枪炮的发展演变。直到清,国内稳定后,武装被迫慢慢落后,开始慢慢分析原因: “...  

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##很受military revolution史观影响。论点直接,认为中国历史上战争频繁的时期促进火药武器发展,反之则阻碍。对比欧洲火药武器发展史,考察发展路线不同(欧洲的火炮和菱堡)以及中西交流和接触冲突。认为盛清和平(乾隆后期到19世纪初)所致的军事落后造成鸦片战争落败。

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