编辑推荐
professional English in Use Medicine contains 60 units covering a wide variety of medical vocabulary. Topics include diseases and symptoms, investigations, treatment, examining, and prevention. The book also introduces general medical vocabulary related to parts and tuncions of the body, medical and para medical personnel, education and training, research, and presentations. Primarily designed as a self study reference and practice book, it can also be used for classroom work and one [o one lessons and is suitable for intermediate and upper intermediate studuents
Protessional English in Use Medicine has been carefully researched using the Institute for Applied Language Studies medical corpus, as well as authentic texts, document sand cases 60 easy-to-use units: vocabulary items are presented and explained in context on left-hand pages with a range of practice exercises on right-hand pages. A focus on functional language, such as taking a history and examining, gives learners the confidence and ability to function in English in a medical environment."Over to you sections allow learners to apply the vocabulary they have learned in the unit to their own working lives.Includes a comprehensive, learner-friendly answer key and index.
Protessional English in Use Medicine is a must for medical practitioners who need to use English at work or for study, either in their own country or abroad.
内容简介
《剑桥医学英语》是为学习医学且具有中高级英文水平的学习者设计的,它提供的医学专业英语,有助于提高学习者对医学期刊、书籍的阅读水平,帮助医学工作者或学生参加医学国际会议,或到讲英语的国家作短期海外实习。此书可作为自学的学习资料,也可以作为课堂教学的课本,既可一对一来学习还可以学习小组的形式来学习。
《剑桥医学英语》由60个双页主题单元组成,前46个主题涵盖了医学领域的方方面面,从健康、疾病到调查研究。其余的14个单元侧重于介绍有关医学的沟通技能。
每一个单元的左手边页,详细地解释了关键词和表达方式;右手边页上的一系列练习则会帮助学习者检查和进一步理解所学到的知识。
书的后面附有练习答案和附录。
《剑桥医学英语》有特色的地方是每一单元都设计有“请你参与”部分。这为每一位学习者提供了情景模拟的机会,可以将学习到的新词汇和表达法用到自己相关的医学专业领域中去,因而对新知识可以更好地消化和吸收。
内页插图
目录
INTRODUCTION
BASICS
1 Health and illness
A Asking about health
B Sickness
C Recovery
2 Parts of the body 1
A Parts of the body
B Referring to parts of the body
C Describing radiation of pain
3 Parts of the body 2
A The abdomen
B The chest
C The pelvis
4 Functions of the body
A Eating
B The five senses
C Other functions
D Less common functions
MEDICAL AND PARAMEDICAL PERSONNEL AND PLACES
5 Medical practitioners 1
A Practitioners
B Specialties
C Choosing a specialty
6 Medical practitioners 2
A Hospital staff
B Medical teams
C Shifts
7 Nurses
A Nursing grades
B Support workers
C Specialization
D The nurses role
8 Allied health professionals
A Community health
B Technicians
C Prosthetists and orthotists
D Opticians
9 Hospitals
A Introduction to a hospital
B Outpatients
C Inpatients
10 Primary care
A The National Health Service
B The practice team
C A GPs day
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
11 Medical education 1
A Medical education in the UK
B Extract from an undergraduate prospectus
C A students view
12 Medical education 2
A The Foundation Programme
B People in medical education
C Medical qualifications
13 The overseas doctor
A Types of registration
B PLAB
C PLAB stations and advice
SYSTEMS, DISEASES AND SYMPTOMS
14 Symptoms and signs
A Describing problems
B Presentation
C Talking about symptoms
15 Blood
A Full blood count
B Anaemia
C Pernicious anaemia
16 Bones
A Bones
B Fractures
C Treatment of fractures
17 Childhood
A Milestones
B Common infectious diseases
C Coeliac disease
18 The endocrine system
A Excess and deficiency
B Negative feedback systems
C Goitre
D A letter of referral
19 The eye
A Parts of the eye
B Examination of the eye
C Retinopathy
20 The gastrointestinal system
A Examination of the abdomen
B The faeces
21 Gynaecology
A The female reproductive system
B Menstruation
C A gynaecological consultation
D Contraception
22 The heart and circulation 1
A Shortness of breath
B Heart rhythm
C Heart failure
23 The heart and circulation 2
A Physical examination
B Examining the heart and circulation
24 Infections
A Fever
B Microorganisms
C Source and spread of infection
25 Mental illness
A Psychiatric disorders
B Substance abuse
C Affective disorders
D Neurotic and stress-related disorders
E Other types of functional disorder
26 The nervous system 1
A Sensory loss
B Motor loss
C Loss of consciousness
27 The nervous system 2
A The motor system
B Tendon reflexes
C Coma
28 Oncology
A Neoplasms
B Symptoms and signs of malignancy
C Treatment of tumours
29 Pregnalacy and childbirth
A Childbirth
B Labour
C Presentation and lie
30 The respiratory system
A Cough
B Auscultation
31 The skin 1
A Some types of skin lesion
B Rashes
32 The skin
A Injuries to the skin
B Case report
C Sores
33 The urinary system
A Urinary symptoms
B Urinalysis
INVESTIGATIONS
34 Basic investigations
A Ophthalmoscopy
B Blood pressure
C Taking blood
35 Laboratory tests
A A Microbiology test request form
B A Biochemistry and Haematology lab report
C Terms used to describe lab results
36 Endoscopy
A Functions of endoscopy
B Enteroscopy
C Report of a diagnostic endoscopy
37 X-ray and CT
A Radiography and radiology
B X-ray examination
C Computed Tomography
38 MRI and ultrasound
A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
B Ultrasound
C Preparing for medical imaging
D Describing medical imaging
39 ECG
A Uses of an ECG
B ECG procedure
C A normal ECG
TREATMENT
40 Medical treatment
A Prescriptions and drugs
B The British National Formulary
41 Surgical treatment
A The operating theatre
B Instruments
C The operation
D An operation report
42 Therapies
A Radiotherapy and chemotherapy
B A day in the life of a physiotherapist
C Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
PREVENTION
43 Screening and immunization
A Screening
B Common screening tests
C Immunization for travellers
EPIDEMIOLOGY
44 Epidemiology
A Rates
B Incidence and prevalence
C Association and causation
ETHICS
45 Medical ethics
A GMC guidelines
B Bioethical issues
C Assisted dying
RESEARCH
46 Research studies
A Case-control studies
B Cohort studies
C Trials
D Variables
TAKING A HISTORY
47 Taking a history 1
A A full case history
B Personal details
C Talking about pain
48 Taking a history 2
A Drug history
B Family history
C Social and personal history
49 Taking a history 3
A Reviewing the systems
B Asking about the central nervous syster
C Patient ideas, concerns and expectation
D Phrasal verbs in history-taking
EXAMINATION
50 Physical examination
A Examining a patient
B Giving instructions
51 Mental state examination
A Some symptoms of psychiatric disorders
B Mood
C Typical questions from a mental state examination
EXPLANATION
52 Explaining diagnosis and management
A Explanations
B Using lay terms in explanations
C An explanation of angina
53 Discussing treatment
A Offering options
B Advising a course of action
C Advising patients to avoid something
D Warnings
54 Giving bad news
A Principles of giving bad news
B A consultant medical oncologists report
PRESENTATIONS
55 Data presentation 1
A Referring to a table or figure
B Comparing variables
C Approximating
56 Data presentation 2
A Line graphs
B Pie charts
C Describing trends
57 Research articles
A The structure of a research article
B Objectives
C Main findings
58 Abstracts
A Structured abstracts
B The BMJ abstract
59 Conference presentations
A The structure of a presentation
B The introduction
C Signalling
D The conclusion
60 Case presentations
A Sections of a case presentation
B Bedside presentation
C Slides
Appendix I
Parts of the body
Appendix Ⅱ
Medical abbreviations
Appendix Ⅲ
Types of medication
Appendix Ⅳ
Symptoms and pain
Appendix Ⅴ
Verbs used in instructions
Appendix Ⅵ
Lay terms and definitions
Answer key
Index
精彩书摘
Hospital staff
The people who work in any type of workplace, including hospitals, are called the staff.
The medical staff in a British hospital belong to one of four main groups:
A pre-registration house officer (PRHO), or house officer, is a newly graduated doctor i the first year of postgraduate training. After a yeaz; he or she becomes a registered medi practitioner. In the current system of training, the Foundation Programme, the name fol these junior doctors is Foundation Year I doctor (FY1). (See Unit 12)
A senior house officer (SHO) is in the second year of postgraduate training. The title is now Foundation Year 2 doctor (FY2), but the old terms senior house officer and SHO are still used.
A specialist registrar (SpR) is a doctor who has completed the Foundation Programme, and is training in one of the medical specialties. There are also some non-training registrdoctors who have completed their training but do not wish to specialize yet.
A consultant is a fully qualified specialist. There may also be some associate specialistssenior doctors who do not wish to become consultants. In addition, there is at least o medical (or clinical) director, who is responsible for all of the medical staff.
Medical teams
Consultant physicians and surgeons are responsible for a specific number of patients in the hospital. Each consultant has a team of junior doctors to help care for those patients. In many hospitals, there are multidisciplinary teams which consist not only of doctors but also of physiotherapists and other allied health professionals (see Unit 8). When patients enter - or are admitted to hospital, they are usually seen first by one of the junior doctors on the ward where they will receive treatment and care. The junior doctor clerks them takes their medical history (see Units 47-49) and examines them. Some time later, the registrar also sees the patients, and may order investigations or tests, for example X-rays or an ECG, make a provisional diagnosis, and begin treatment. The consultant usually sees the new admissions - people who have recently been admitted to the ward for the first time on one of the regular ward rounds, when the management of the patients is discussed with the registrar. Consultants also decide when a patient is ready to be discharged (sent home). On the ward round, the consultant is accompanied by the team and a nurse, and they visit all the patients in the consultants care. Shifts
Junior doctors now normally work in shifts, which means they normally work for eight hours every day, for example 7 am to 3 pm, and are then free until 7 am the next day. After a week they change to a different shift, for example 3 pm to 11 pm or 11 pm to 7 am. The alternative system is to work from 9 am to 5 pm every day and to take turns to be on call available to return to the hospital if necessary - from 5 pm to 9 am the next day. Days on call are set out in a rota, or list of names and times. Doctors on call carry a radio pager, or bleeper, a device which makes a noise when someone is trying to contact them.
前言/序言
《现代临床医学前沿:从诊断到治疗的系统性综述》 作者:[此处可填入一个虚构的、具有权威性的专家姓名或团队] 出版社:[此处可填入一个信誉良好的医学专业出版社名称] 书籍简介 本书旨在为广大的医学专业人士、医学院学生以及在医疗领域工作的研究人员提供一个全面、深入且紧跟时代步伐的临床医学知识体系。在全球医学飞速发展的背景下,本著作并非简单地罗列已知事实,而是力求构建一个动态的、注重实践应用的知识框架,涵盖从基础诊断原理到复杂疾病管理策略的各个关键环节。 第一部分:诊断科学的精进与整合 本部分聚焦于现代医学诊断流程的革新与优化。我们深入探讨了传统的临床体格检查技术在数字化时代的强化应用,并详细剖析了先进的影像学技术,如高分辨率CT、MRI的功能性应用及其在早期病灶识别中的优势。 1.1 生物标志物的临床意义与发展趋势: 我们不仅回顾了传统血液生化指标的解读标准,更着重介绍了新型蛋白质组学、代谢组学标志物在疾病风险评估、预后判断中的突破性进展。特别关注了循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)在肿瘤微小残留病灶监测中的应用潜力。 1.2 精准病理学的深度解析: 传统组织病理学诊断正向分子病理学转型。本章详述了免疫组织化学染色(IHC)的标准化流程,以及基因测序技术(NGS)如何为诊断提供分子层面的证据链。书中提供了大量基于真实病例的图谱分析,旨在提高读者对复杂组织形态与分子特征关联性的理解。 1.3 临床决策支持系统(CDSS)的集成: 在海量数据面前,如何做出最佳决策成为挑战。本章探讨了人工智能和机器学习在辅助诊断中的实际应用案例,重点分析了CDSS如何通过整合患者数据、最新指南和文献,提供个性化的诊断建议,并讨论了其实施中的伦理考量。 第二部分:系统性疾病的循证管理 这一核心部分根据人体主要系统划分,对当前常见和疑难疾病的循证治疗路径进行了系统性的梳理和批判性评估。我们强调“循证医学(EBM)”的实践,确保所有推荐都基于最高级别的临床试验证据。 2.1 心血管系统疾病的介入与非介入策略: 针对冠状动脉疾病、心力衰竭和高血压的管理,本书详细阐述了最新的药物治疗指南,如SGLT2抑制剂和新型降脂药物的应用时机。在介入治疗方面,对复杂经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的技术细节和术后管理进行了深入剖析。 2.2 肿瘤学的个体化治疗范式: 癌症治疗已进入靶向和免疫时代。本部分详尽介绍了各类实体瘤(肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌)的分子分型及其对应的精准靶向药物。免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)的应用机制、联合治疗方案的设计,以及如何预测和管理免疫相关不良事件(irAEs),是本章的重点内容。 2.3 感染与炎症的精准控制: 随着抗生素耐药性成为全球公共卫生危机,本章侧重于新型抗生素的选择原则、窄谱抗生素的优先使用,以及脓毒症(Sepsis)的早期识别和“时间就是器官”的复苏策略。针对新发或再发传染病(如某些新出现的呼吸道病毒感染),提供了快速反应的临床处理框架。 2.4 代谢与内分泌失调的长期管理: 糖尿病和肥胖已成为慢性病负担的主要来源。本书超越了单纯的血糖控制,探讨了糖尿病在心血管、肾脏和眼部并发症的综合预防策略,以及多学科协作在减重手术(Bariatric Surgery)后的营养与生活方式干预中的作用。 第三部分:危重症医学与复杂病情处理 本部分面向需要处理急性、威胁生命的病情的临床医生,提供了高风险情境下的快速反应流程和高级生命支持技术。 3.1 急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的机械通气策略: 详细阐述了容量控制、平台压力管理以及新型肺保护性通气策略(如高PEEP的应用边界)。对于体外膜氧合(ECMO)的适应症、设置流程和脱机标准,提供了操作层面的指导。 3.2 休克的鉴别诊断与复苏: 围绕低血容量性、心源性、分布性休克的快速血流动力学评估(如应用脉搏轮廓分析技术),本章强调了液体复苏的个体化而非“一刀切”原则,以及升压药和血管活性药物的动态滴定。 3.3 神经急症的快速干预: 针对急性缺血性卒中和颅内出血,本书重点阐述了溶栓和取栓治疗的严格时间窗要求,以及神经外科急诊手术前后的监测要点。 第四部分:患者安全、医疗质量与专业伦理 现代医学实践要求医生不仅技术精湛,更需具备高水平的沟通能力和职业道德。 4.1 医疗差错的系统性预防: 本章从系统角度分析了导致医疗差错的常见环节(如药物传递、信息交接),并介绍了“根因分析(RCA)”方法,以实现从惩罚文化向学习文化的转变。 4.2 医患沟通的艺术与科学: 讨论了如何有效地传达不良诊断、复杂的治疗方案和预后信息,特别是如何运用“确认与澄清”技巧来确保患者的知情同意是真正意义上的理解。 4.3 医疗伦理与法律前沿: 深入探讨了生命终末期决策(如安乐死、撤除生命支持)、基因编辑技术的伦理边界,以及数据隐私保护在电子病历应用中的法律责任。 总结与展望 《现代临床医学前沿》力求成为一本能够伴随临床医生职业生涯成长的参考书。它不仅提供了“做什么”的指南,更深入探讨了“为什么这样做”背后的科学原理和证据基础,激励读者持续学习,以应对未来医疗健康领域不断涌现的挑战。本书的结构清晰、内容严谨,配有大量流程图和对比表格,是提升临床思维和决策能力的必备工具书。