等离子体物理学和受控聚变:第1卷(第2版) [Introduction to plasma physics and controlled fusion.Volume 1, Plasma physics 2nd edition]

等离子体物理学和受控聚变:第1卷(第2版) [Introduction to plasma physics and controlled fusion.Volume 1, Plasma physics 2nd edition] pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

陈(Francis F. Chen) 著
图书标签:
  • 等离子体物理学
  • 受控聚变
  • 聚变物理
  • 等离子体
  • 物理学
  • 能源
  • 核能
  • 第二版
  • 学术著作
  • 高等教育
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出版社: 世界图书出版公司
ISBN:9787510005725
版次:2
商品编码:10256968
包装:平装
外文名称:Introduction to plasma physics and controlled fusion.Volume 1, Plasma physics 2nd edition
开本:16开
出版时间:2010-04-01

具体描述

内容简介

In the nine years since this book was first written, rapid progress has been made scientifically in nuclear fusion, space physics, and nonlinear plasma theory. At the same time, the energy shortage on the one hand and the exploration of Jupiter and Saturn on the other have increased the national awareness of the important applications of plasma physics to energy production and to the understanding of our space environment.
In magnetic confinement fusion, this period has seen the attainment of a Lawson number nTE of 2×1013 cm-3 sec in the A!cator tokamaks at MIT; neutral-beam heating of the PLT tokamak at Princeton to KTi=6.5 keV; increase of average to 3%-5% in tokamaks at Oak Ridge and General Atomic; and the stabilization of mirror-confined plasmas at Livermore, together with injection of ion current to near field-reversal conditions in the 2XIIB device. Invention of the tandem mirror has given magnetic confinement a new and exciting dimension. New ideas have emerged, such as the compact torus, surface-field devices, and the EBT mirror-torus hybrid, and some old ideas, such as the stellarator and the reversed-field pinch, have been revived. Radiofrequency heat-ing has become a new star with its promise of dc current drive. Perhaps most importantly, great progress has been made in the understanding of the MHD behavior of toroidal plasmas: tearing modes, magnetic islands, and disruptions. Concurrently, the problems of reactor design, fusion technology, and fission-fusion hybrids have received serious attention for the first time.

作者简介

作者:(美国)陈(FrancisF.Chen)

内页插图

目录

Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the Dirt Edition
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SINGLE-PARTICLE MOTIONS
3. PLASMAS AS FLUIDS
4. WAVES IN PLASMAS
5. DIFFUSION AND RESISTIVITY
6. EQUILIBRIUM AND STABILITY
7. KINETIC THEORY
8. NONLINEAR EFFECTS
APPENDICES
Index
Index to Problems

精彩书摘

What makes plasmas particularly difficult to analyze is the fact that the densities fall in an intermediate range. Fluids like water are so dense that the motions of individual molecules do not have to be considered. Collisions dominate, and the simple equations of ordinary fluid dynamics suffice. At the other extreme in very low-density devices like the alternating-gradient synchrotron, only single-particle trajectories need be considered; collective effects are often unimportant. Plasmas behave sometimes like fluids, and sometimes like a collection of individual particles. The first step in learning how to deal with this schizophrenic personality is to understand how single particles behave in electric and magnetic fields. This chapter differs from succeeding ones in that the E and B fields are assumed to be Prescribed and not affected by the charged particles.

前言/序言

  In the nine years since this book was first written, rapid progress has been made scientifically in nuclear fusion, space physics, and nonlinear plasma theory. At the same time, the energy shortage on the one hand and the exploration of Jupiter and Saturn on the other have increased the national awareness of the important applications of plasma physics to energy production and to the understanding of our space environment.
  In magnetic confinement fusion, this period has seen the attainment of a Lawson number nTE of 2×1013 cm-3 sec in the A!cator tokamaks at MIT; neutral-beam heating of the PLT tokamak at Princeton to KTi=6.5 keV; increase of average to 3%-5% in tokamaks at Oak Ridge and General Atomic; and the stabilization of mirror-confined plasmas at Livermore, together with injection of ion current to near field-reversal conditions in the 2XIIB device. Invention of the tandem mirror has given magnetic confinement a new and exciting dimension. New ideas have emerged, such as the compact torus, surface-field devices, and the EBT mirror-torus hybrid, and some old ideas, such as the stellarator and the reversed-field pinch, have been revived. Radiofrequency heat-ing has become a new star with its promise of dc current drive. Perhaps most importantly, great progress has been made in the understanding of the MHD behavior of toroidal plasmas: tearing modes, magnetic islands, and disruptions. Concurrently, the problems of reactor design,fusion technology, and fission-fusion hybrids have received serious atten-tion for the first time.
  Inertial confinement fusion has grown from infancy to a research effort one-fourth as large as magnetic fusion. With the 25-TW Shiva laser at Livermore, 3lear neutrons have been produced in a single pellet implosion, and fuel compressions to one hundred times liquid hydrogen density have been achieved. The nonlinear plasma processes involved in the coupling of laser radiation to matter have received meticulous attention, and the important phenomena of resonance absorption, stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering, and spontaneous magnetic field generation are well on the way to being understood. Particle drivers-electron beams, light-ion beams, and heavy-ion beams——have emerged as potential alternates to lasers, and these have brought their own set of plasma problems.
  In space plasma physics, the concept of a magnetosphere has become well developed, as evidenced by the prediction and observation of whistler waves in the Jovian magnetosphere. The structure of the solar corona and its relation to sunspot magnetic fields and solar wind generation have become well understood, and the theoretical description of how the aurora borealis arises appears to be in good shape.
  Because of the broadening interest in fusion, Chapter 9 of the first edition has been expanded into a comprehensive text on the physics of fusion and will be published as Volume 2. The material originated from my lecture notes for a graduate course on magnetic fusion but has been simplified by replacing long mathematical calculations with short ones based on a physical picture of what the plasma is doing. It is this task which delayed the completion of the second edition by about three years.
  Volume 1, which incorporates the first eight chapters of the first edition, retains its original simplicity but has been corrected and expanded. A number of subtle errors pointed out by students and professors have been rectified. In response to their requests, the system of units has been changed, reluctantly, to inks (Sl). To physicists of my own generation, my apologies; but take comfort in the thought that the first edition has become a collector's item.
  The dielectric tensor for cold plasmas has now been included; it was placed in Appendix B to avoid complicating an already long and difficult chapter for the beginner, but it is there for ready reference.The chapter on kinetic theory has been expanded to indude ion Landau damping of acoustic waves, the plasma dispersion function, and Bern-stein waves. The chapter on nonlinear effects now incorporates a treat-ment of solitons via the Korteweg-deVries and nonlinear Schrodinger equations. This section contains more detail than the rest of Volume 1,but purposely so, to whet the appetite of the advanced student. Helpful hints from G. Morales and K. Nishikawa are hereby acknowledged.
  For the benefit of teachers, new problems from a decade of exams have been added, and the solutions to the old problems are given. A sample three-hour final exam for undergraduates will be found in Appendix C. The problem answers have been checked by David Brower;any errors are his, not mine.
  Finally, in regard to my cryptic dedication, I have good news and bad news. The bad news is that the poet (my father) has moved on to the land of eternal song. The good news is that the eternal scholar (my mother) has finally achieved her goal, a Ph.D. at 72. The educational process is unending.
  Francis F. Chen
  Los Angeles, 1983

好的,这是一本名为《先进材料科学导论:结构、性能与应用》的图书简介,旨在深入探讨现代材料科学的核心概念及其在工程领域的实际应用。 图书名称: 《先进材料科学导论:结构、性能与应用》 作者: [请在此处填写作者姓名] 版次: 第1版 页数: 约 750 页 装帧: 精装/平装 内容简介 本书旨在为材料科学、化学工程、机械工程及相关学科的高年级本科生和研究生提供一个全面而深入的材料科学基础。它不仅仅是对传统材料学知识的复述,更着重于将微观结构与宏观性能之间的内在联系,以及如何利用先进的合成、表征和设计方法来开发满足特定工程需求的下一代材料。 全书结构严谨,内容涵盖了从材料的基本分类到前沿研究领域的广泛主题,以清晰的逻辑和丰富的实例贯穿始终。 第一部分:材料科学基础与结构 本部分首先建立起材料科学的核心框架。我们从原子尺度上的键合类型(离子键、共价键、金属键和范德华力)开始,详细讨论这些基本相互作用如何决定材料的晶体结构和缺陷类型。 晶体结构与衍射: 深入探讨布拉格定律在X射线衍射(XRD)中的应用,用以确定材料的晶格参数和相组成。着重分析体心立方(BCC)、面心立方(FCC)和密堆积结构(HCP)的几何特征及其对机械性能的影响。缺陷理论被置于核心地位,包括点缺陷(空位、间隙原子)、线缺陷(位错)和面缺陷(晶界)的形成机制及其对材料塑性和强度的决定性作用。 电子结构与能带理论: 材料的电学、光学和磁学特性根植于其电子结构。本章系统地介绍了固体能带理论,解释了导体、半导体和绝缘体之间的本质区别。通过能带图的分析,读者将理解费米能级、有效质量以及载流子输运的基本原理。 第二部分:主要材料类别及其性能调控 在掌握基础理论后,本书依次深入探讨了四大类关键工程材料——金属、陶瓷、聚合物和复合材料——的特性、制备方法及性能调控策略。 金属材料与相图: 重点分析二元和三元合金系统中的相平衡,特别是铁碳合金(钢和铸铁)的热力学驱动及其微观组织演变(如奥氏体、铁素体、珠光体、马氏体转变)。详细阐述了固溶强化、晶粒细化、第二相粒子析出等强化机制。 陶瓷材料与玻璃: 探讨陶瓷材料的离子和共价键特性,解释其高硬度、高熔点和化学惰性的微观根源。特别关注氧化物、非氧化物陶瓷(如碳化硅、氮化硅)的制备工艺(如烧结、热压)以及如何控制孔隙率以优化其韧性和抗热震性。玻璃的非晶结构和弛豫行为也得到了详尽讨论。 高分子材料: 本章关注聚合物的分子链结构、构象以及链间相互作用。详细介绍了玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的概念及其对材料粘弹性行为的控制。内容涵盖了热塑性塑料和热固性树脂的结构差异、聚合反应动力学,以及如何通过共聚、交联和取向来定制材料的机械和阻隔性能。 先进复合材料: 复合材料被视为解决单一材料局限性的关键。本书聚焦于纤维增强复合材料(如碳纤维增强环氧树料)和颗粒增强复合材料的设计原则。重点分析了混合法则(Rule of Mixtures)及其局限性,以及界面粘接质量对整体性能的决定性影响。 第三部分:材料表征与先进制造技术 为了实现对材料性能的精确控制,精确的表征手段和创新的制造工艺至关重要。 材料表征技术: 系统介绍了现代材料科学中常用的结构、化学和性能分析工具。在结构分析方面,除了XRD,还详述了透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)在微观形貌和晶体结构分析中的应用,包括能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)。在性能测试方面,涵盖了机械测试(拉伸、蠕变、疲劳)、热分析(DSC/TGA)和电化学分析。 先进制造与材料设计: 讨论如何将材料设计融入制造过程。重点介绍增材制造(3D打印)技术(如选择性激光熔化SLM、熔融沉积成型FDM)对材料微结构和各向异性性能的影响。此外,还介绍了材料基因组倡议(Materials Genome Initiative)的理念,即利用计算材料学和高通量实验加速新材料的发现与优化。 第四部分:功能材料与前沿应用 最后一部分将视角投向对现代技术至关重要的功能性材料。 半导体与光电子材料: 深入探讨掺杂、PN结的形成及其在二极管和晶体管中的应用。重点分析了III-V族半导体材料(如GaAs, GaN)在LED和激光器中的关键作用。 磁性与能源材料: 讨论铁磁性、抗磁性和超顺磁性的微观机理。介绍软磁材料和硬磁材料的设计原则。在能源领域,详细分析了锂离子电池中的电极材料(如正极的层状氧化物和磷酸铁锂)的结构稳定性、离子扩散动力学及其对电池性能的制约。 生物相容性材料: 简要介绍了医用植入物所需的材料特性,包括生物降解、表面润湿性以及与生物组织的相互作用。 本书特色 本书的显著特点在于其对“结构-性能-处理-应用”的闭环思维的强调。每章均包含: 1. 案例分析: 选取具有里程碑意义的工程材料(如铝锂合金、高熵合金、钙钛矿太阳能电池材料)进行深入剖析,展示理论如何转化为实际应用。 2. 习题与思考题: 章节末尾设置了不同难度的习题,旨在巩固读者的定量分析能力和对概念的理解。 3. 计算建模入门: 提供了使用基础计算工具(如Tight-binding或DFT的初步概念)来预测材料性质的指导,鼓励学生从第一性原理角度思考问题。 《先进材料科学导论:结构、性能与应用》不仅是理论学习的可靠参考书,更是激发学生在材料设计与创新领域进行深入探索的强大工具。它致力于培养下一代工程师和科学家,使其能够驾驭日益复杂的材料挑战,推动技术进步。

用户评价

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这本书的字体大小和行间距给我一种非常舒适的阅读体验,这一点对于一本内容如此深入的学术著作来说至关重要。我是一名有着多年研究经验的退休教授,曾经涉足过物理学的多个分支,但等离子体物理学和受控聚变领域,一直是我想系统深入了解却未曾实践过的。 我尤其关注这本书在理论深度和广度上的表现。作为一本“第2版”,我期待它能够在前一版的基础上,融入最新的研究成果和理论发展。在等离子体物理学方面,我希望它能涵盖从流体理论到粒子理论的完整体系,以及相关的先进诊断技术。而在受控聚变部分,我希望它能对不同类型的聚变装置(如磁约束和惯性约束)进行详尽的介绍,并分析其在材料科学、工程技术等方面的挑战。如果书中能附带一些高质量的图表和公式推导,并且解释得清晰明了,那将极大地提升我的阅读效率和理解深度。

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这本书的书脊设计非常简洁大气,让我一眼就在书架上认出了它。我是一名业余爱好者,对科学世界充满了好奇心,尤其对那些能够改变人类未来的前沿科技领域情有独钟。等离子体物理学和受控聚变,这两个词汇在我看来,就代表着无限的可能和激动人心的未来。 我非常希望这本书能够以一种通俗易懂的方式,为我介绍等离子体的基本概念,比如它与固体、液体、气体的区别,以及它在宇宙中的普遍性。对于“受控聚变”,我更希望能了解它的基本原理,比如氢原子核如何结合成氦原子核,以及在这个过程中释放出的巨大能量。如果书中能有一些生动形象的比喻或类比,帮助我理解那些复杂的物理过程,那将是我莫大的福音。我渴望这本书能点燃我对等离子体物理学和受控聚变的热情,让我能够更深入地了解这个充满魅力的科学领域。

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这本书的装帧质量非常出色,书页纸张厚实,印刷清晰,拿在手里沉甸甸的,有一种扎实的学术气息扑面而来。我是一名正在攻读相关领域硕士学位的研究人员,在实验过程中,经常会遇到一些理论上的瓶颈和困惑,希望这本书能够提供给我一些深入的解析和创新的思路。尤其是在等离子体诊断和模拟方面,我希望能找到更系统、更详细的介绍,了解目前最先进的技术手段和理论模型。 我知道等离子体物理学涉及的数学工具非常复杂,我特别关注这本书在公式推导和概念讲解上是否足够清晰易懂,能否帮助我这个“数学渣”也能逐步掌握其中的奥秘。同时,“受控聚变”部分,我希望能看到对各种聚变方案(如托卡马克、仿星器等)的比较分析,以及它们各自的优缺点和未来发展前景。如果书中能包含一些典型的实验案例或研究成果,那就更完美了,这能帮助我更好地理解理论在实际中的应用。

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这本书的封面设计非常有吸引力,深邃的蓝色背景配上跳跃的橙色等离子体纹理,给人一种科技感和神秘感,仿佛能立刻将人带入微观粒子运动的奇妙世界。我是一名对天体物理学和能源科学都抱有浓厚兴趣的在读学生,一直以来,等离子体物理学这个领域就像一个未知的宇宙,充满了各种令人着迷的现象和巨大的发展潜力。这本书的到来,无疑为我打开了一扇通往这个领域的崭新大门。 从封面上就能感受到这本著作的份量,它不仅仅是一本书,更像是一本厚重的知识宝库,等待着我去一点点地挖掘和探索。我期待着它能为我系统地梳理等离子体物理学的基本概念,从最基础的粒子运动规律,到复杂的宏观动力学行为,都能有条理地阐述。特别是“受控聚变”这个词,让我充满了好奇,它代表着人类对清洁能源的终极追求,而这本书能否为我揭示实现这一伟大目标的科学原理和技术挑战,是我最关注的焦点。我相信,通过阅读这本书,我将能够建立起对等离子体物理学和受控聚变坚实的基础认知,为我未来的学术研究和职业发展打下坚实的基础。

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第一次看到这本书的时候,我就被它严谨的学术气质所吸引。我从事的是与核工业相关的技术工作,虽然不直接涉及等离子体物理的核心研究,但对清洁能源和未来能源发展趋势非常关注。等离子体物理学和受控聚变是未来能源领域的重要组成部分,我希望通过阅读这本书,能够对这个领域有一个更宏观、更全面的了解。 我特别看重的是它能否帮助我理解等离子体在不同尺度下的行为特性,以及在受控聚变过程中所面临的各种工程挑战。例如,如何有效地约束高温等离子体,如何管理其能量损失,以及如何实现持续稳定的聚变反应等。如果书中能够对这些实际问题给出深入浅出的解释,并提及一些正在进行的国际合作项目,那将对我非常有启发。我期待这本书能让我站在更高的视角,洞察等离子体物理学和受控聚变领域的最新进展和未来方向。

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哎得学学这个东西 感觉是挺好用的

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没有质量问题

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这本书的类容太高大上了,好难懂~~~

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很经典的一本书。非常推荐等离子体专业的同学购买

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不错非常值,很经典的书,有一定年头了。

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书有点旧了,封皮有很严重的磨损

评分

活动买的,很划算,质量还可以吧

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这书真贵!专业的就是不一样

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很好,就是这书印刷的时候不能再去掉一点边边么,边边空的很大啊,给人做笔记用的?去掉边边的话这书可能还是挺小巧便携的

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