本书既有对中国戏曲发展概况、艺术特点的综合描述,也有对戏曲的不同行当、类型、代表作品的专门介绍,对于读者了解中国戏曲、了解中国文化,是一本很好的指导介绍性读物。
The book includes both overviews on the development and artistic features of the Chinese operas and specialized introduction to the roles, types and representative works of the operas. It is a good guide book for readers to understand the Chinese operas and culture.
“中国文化经典导读”系列分领域介绍中华文化(文学、历史、艺术、教育等)的经典作品及其内涵,为外国读者了解中国文化提供既实用的指南,以有效地促进外国读者对中国文化的了解。
中国古典戏曲与古希腊戏剧、印度梵剧并称为“世界三大古老戏剧”,并在长达800年以上的时间里,始终保持着自己的基本形态。本书在简要概述中国戏曲发展历程和主要特点的基础上,重点选取有代表性的戏曲作品,从文学、表演等不同角度加以分析。国外读者可以由此明白如何更好地欣赏中国古典戏曲。
The classical Chinese opera, the ancient Greek play and the Indian Sanskrit drama are known as the “three greatest ancient theatres in the world”. For more than 800 years, the classical Chinese operas have been developing with their fundamental forms retained. Based on a brief introduction to the development and main characteristics of the Chinese operas, the book provides analysis on a number of representative opera works from different perspectives, such as literature and performance. For foreign readers, it is a good work for learning about how to enjoy the Chinese operas in a better way.
《文史知识》编辑部,《文史知识》杂志自创刊以来,一直坚持大专家写小文章,坚持深入浅出地介绍和评述中国优秀传统文化,受到学术界的广泛好评。其作者荟萃全国一流文史专家,内容涵盖中国传统文化各个方面,文章知识性、趣味性、学术性兼备,深入浅出,雅俗共赏。
Editorial Board of Chinese Literature and History: Since the first issue of the Chinese Literature and History magazine, the Editorial Department has been embracing the principle to invite highly proficient experts to write easy-to-understand articles to introduce and review the excellent traditional Chinese culture in simple language. Therefore, the magazine has won wide acclaim in the academic circle. It has attracted a great number of Chinese authors, who are top experts in literature and history. Its content covers all aspects of traditional Chinese culture. Its articles are highly informative, interesting and academically outstanding. The adoption of the way to explain the profound in simple terms make the articles suit both refined and popular tastes.
Types of Roles in Operas
“Seven Hang and Seven Ke”
Talks about Youling
Relationship between Actresses and Prosperity of Opera in the Yuan Dynasty
Talks about “Good” Opera Performers
Sichuan Opera
The Battle between Kunqu Opera VS. Local Opera and Conception beyond Image
“Raotou Opera”
Discussions about TiaoLingGuan
Facial Makeup
On Cultural Relics of Traditional Operas and Their Research Value
Pujiu Temple: The place for True Love
Types of Roles in Operas
“Seven Hang and Seven Ke”
Talks about Youling
Relationship between Actresses and Prosperity of Opera in the Yuan Dynasty
Talks about “Good” Opera Performers
Sichuan Opera
The Battle between Kunqu Opera VS. Local Opera and Conception beyond Image
“Raotou Opera”
Discussions about TiaoLingGuan
Facial Makeup
On Cultural Relics of Traditional Operas and Their Research Value
Pujiu Temple: The place for True Love
The Battle between Kunqu Opera VS. Local Opera and Conception beyond Image
Zhang Fuzhi
The battle between Kunquo pera and local operas
During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the emperor would pass Yangzhou on each southern inspection tour. Some of the local tycoons invested a lot of training theatrical troupes to please the emperor, so there were dozens of stages set up on both sides of the Grand Canal as Emperor Qianlong’s dragon boat went by. Both designed troupes for Kunqu Opera and local operas could been found on the stages. Since its elegant lyric and melody, Kunqu was called “Yabu (Ya means elegance in Chinese)” and also regarded as orthodox; while the variegated and miscellaneous local operas were collectively called “Huabu (Hua has the meaning of ‘miscellaneous’ in Chinese)”. There was a local opera in Yangzhou named “Luantan” (literal meaning is ‘random’ in Chinese, now it refers to general term for Chinese opera melodies) which regarded as the antonomasia of “Huabu”, so the saying “Huabu Luantan” emerged. Using “Luantan” referring to “Hua” had already been an implied derogatory saying, however, the battle between Kunqu opera and local operas was much more acrimonious. Not only in Yangzhou, in many major cities especially in Beijing, this battle was always very fierce, which constitutes the famous “battle between Kunqu opera and local operas” in the history of opera.
Jingqiang was the first to contest with Kunqu opera in the capital. Jingqiang was a new type of opera after Yiyangqiang introduced to Beijing which singing in the northern dialect. Because of its high-pitched and resounding singing tune, Jingqiang was also known as “Gaoqiang (means high-pitched tune in Chinese)”. After Emperor Qianlong, Jingqiang show once formed the prosperous situation of “the famous six troupes performing back and forth among nine stages”, forcing Kunqu have to hide itself. However, after entering the palace and co-staring with Kunqu, Jingqiang was more and more normative and gradually lost its features of rough and simple while in the folk, thus its vitality was getting weaker by the day.
Next, Shaanxi Opera took the field. In the 44th year of reign of Emperor Qianlong (1779), a famous dan (the female character type in opera) actor of Shaanxi Opera named Wei Changsheng performed in Beijing with the work of “Gunlou” which created a great sensation in the capital, then Shaanxi Opera flourished. It gave a huge threat to Kunqu who dwarfed other operas as “orthodox”. There scared the bigwig who boasted themselves with “elegance” and the Qing government even banned Shaanxi Opera’s performance in Beijing in the name of “correcting custom and avoiding obscenity” and forced Wei Changsheng to leave Beijing as well.
However, the high-handed policy did not suppress the rise of local operas who had tenacious vitality. Finally in the 55th year of reign of Emperor Qianlong (1790) when it was Emperor Qianlong’s 80th birthday, Sanqing Anhui opera troupe came to Beijing to celebrate the birthday with their performances, which made Huabu take root in Beijing. Although in the third and fourth years of Emperor Jiaqing’s reign (1798 and 1799), they banned Huabu opera outside of Kunqu and Yiyangqiang twice, the flourish momentum of Huabu was irreversible. During the reign of Emperor Daoguang and Emperor Xianfeng (1821-1861), Anhui opera troupes absorbed a large number of artists in the field of Handiao Opera and Shaanxi Opera, thus greatly enriched the repertoire and performance methods and its performance was more loved by a broad audience. With the confluence of Anhui opera, Handiao opera and Shaanxi Opera, the new generation of opera — Peking Opera was born.
……
这套“中国文化经典导读系列”中的《名家讲中国古典戏曲》(英文版),简直是为我这样深陷于西方戏剧理论,却对东方舞台艺术充满好奇的西方学生量身定做的宝藏。我必须承认,最初翻开这本书时,我的主要目的是为了完成一份关于跨文化戏剧比较的课程作业。我原以为会是一本枯燥的学术综述,充斥着难以理解的术语和晦涩的典故。然而,作者的叙述方式令人耳目一新。他们没有停留在简单的“唱、念、做、打”的机械罗列上,而是巧妙地将昆曲、京剧等主要剧种的起源、发展脉络与当时的社会政治背景紧密结合起来。特别是关于角色程式化的讨论,不同于西方写实主义的表演范式,它揭示了中国戏曲中“神似而非形似”的深刻哲学意蕴。书中对服装、脸谱的色彩学意义的解析,尤其让我震撼。那些鲜艳的色彩和复杂的图案,不再仅仅是装饰,而是角色的身份、道德倾向乃至命运的视觉密码。这本书成功地架起了一座桥梁,让一个习惯于莎士比亚和易卜生戏剧的头脑,得以窥见一个完全不同但同样复杂精妙的表演宇宙的宏伟架构。我甚至开始思考,西方现代派的舞台实验,是否能在这些古典母题中找到新的灵感源泉。
评分作为一个从小在古典文学熏陶下长大的读者,我对于那些被过度简化的“中国文化入门”读物向来持保留态度,它们往往为了迎合外国读者的接受习惯而牺牲了原有的韵味和复杂性。然而,这本英文版的戏曲导读,却保持了一种令人赞叹的学术严谨性与文学感染力的完美平衡。它没有采取那种居高临下的“介绍者”姿态,而是像一位资深戏迷在炉边娓娓道来的分享。尤其让我印象深刻的是书中对“文学性”与“表演性”辩证关系的探讨。许多人只看到了戏曲的“唱词”之美,却忽略了肢体语言和舞台调度是如何将文字升华为三维动态艺术的。书中引用的那些经典剧本片段,通过精准的英文翻译,不仅保留了原文的诗意,更在注释中详尽解释了它们在特定唱腔和表演动作下的功能性。这使得阅读过程不再是被动接收信息,而更像是一场沉浸式的剧场体验。它让我重新审视了我们传统文化中那些被视为理所当然的艺术形式,明白了它们是如何在历史的洪流中不断自我更新,同时又坚守住其核心美学的。这种对深度和广度的兼顾,是许多同类书籍难以企及的。
评分这本书的结构安排体现了极高的编排智慧,它不是按时间顺序简单堆砌,而是采用了主题式的章节划分。例如,有一章专门聚焦于“女性角色在不同朝代戏曲中的权力转移”,这立刻抓住了我的注意力。从中可以清晰地看到,舞台上的理想女性形象,是如何映照出社会对女性角色的期望与束缚的变迁。更妙的是,作者在分析这些角色时,并非将她们孤立看待,而是将其置于士大夫文化、市民阶层兴起以及宫廷审美趣味的交织网络之中。这种多维度、立体化的剖析方法,极大地拓宽了我们理解戏曲的视野——它远不止是娱乐,更是一部活态的社会史和心理学记录。我尤其欣赏书中对于“丑角”角色的深入挖掘,他们常被误解为单纯的喜剧元素,但书中揭示了他们在传统伦理剧中的“讽谏”功能,其尖锐程度不亚于古希腊悲喜剧中的弄臣。这种对次要元素的重视,体现了编辑团队对中国古典艺术整体性的深刻理解。
评分阅读体验上,这本书的英文表达非常地道且富有表现力,完全没有翻译腔的生硬感。它成功地避开了将戏曲“西化”的陷阱,而是努力寻找能够跨越文化障碍的“对应概念”。举例来说,书中处理“意境”一词时,所使用的词汇选择极为考究,避免了“ambience”或“mood”这类过于模糊的表达,转而使用更强调“空间感与精神状态融合”的描述,这使得非母语读者也能捕捉到那种“此时无声胜有声”的东方美学精髓。此外,书中配图的质量也值得称赞,那些高清的舞台剧照不仅是视觉上的享受,更是文本叙述的有力佐证。它们恰到好处地出现在对特定表演技巧或场景的描述之后,形成了一种图文互证的教学效果。总而言之,这本导读就像一位耐心且博学的导游,带领我们在一个宏大而精微的文化迷宫中穿行,让人既感到知识的充盈,又不失探索的乐趣。
评分我通常阅读这类文化导论书籍时,最怕的就是陷入对“异国情调”的肤浅描摹。这本书高明之处在于,它从一开始就将重心放在了“结构”和“逻辑”上,而不是仅仅停留在感官刺激。它并没有把戏曲描绘成遥远东方的一种奇观,而是将其还原为一种具有内在严密性的艺术体系。特别是对于“程式化”的解释,它超越了简单的“模仿”概念,深入探讨了程式如何成为一种高度凝练的“语言符号”,以及演员如何通过对这些符号的精妙运用,实现对人物复杂情感的表达。书中关于不同流派之间在“气口”和“韵味”处理上的微妙差异的比较分析,即使是门外汉也能感受到其中蕴含的匠心独运。这本书的价值在于,它不仅教会了读者“看”戏,更教会了读者“理解”戏背后的思想内核与艺术规训,这对于任何希望严肃对待中国艺术的研究者来说,都是一份不可或缺的基石性读物。
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