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讀《耶路撒冷三韆年》,瞭解真實的耶路撒冷,就會明白世界為何演變成今天的模樣。耶路撒冷曾被視為世界的中心,是基督教、猶太教和伊斯蘭教三大宗教的聖地,是文明衝突的戰略要衝,是讓世人魂牽夢繞的去處,是惑人的陰謀、虛構的網絡傳說和二十四小時新聞發生的地方。
作者西濛·濛蒂菲奧裏依年代順序,以三大宗教圍繞“聖城”的角逐,以幾大傢族的興衰更迭為主綫,生動講述瞭耶路撒冷的前世今生;作者通過大量的田野調查和文獻考據,以客觀、中立的角度,透過士兵與先知、詩人與國王、農民與音樂傢的生活,以及創造耶路撒冷的傢族來呈現這座城市的三韆年瑰麗曆史,還原真實的耶路撒冷……
內容簡介
Jerusalem is the universal city, the capital of two peoples, the shrine of three faiths; it is the prize of empires, the site of Judgement Day and the battlefield of today’s clash of civilizations. From King David to Barack Obama, from the birth of Judaism, Christianity and Islam to the Israel-Palestine conflict, this is the epic history of three thousand years of faith, slaughter, fanaticism and coexistence. ? How did this small, remote town become the Holy City, the “center of the world” and now the key to peace in the Middle East? In a gripping narrative, Simon Sebag Montefiore reveals this ever-changing city in its many incarnations, bringing every epoch and character blazingly to life. Jerusalem’s biography is told through the wars, love affairs and revelations of the men and women—kings, empresses, prophets, poets, saints, conquerors and whores—who created, destroyed, chronicled and believed in Jerusalem. As well as the many ordinary Jerusalemites who have left their mark on the city, its cast varies from Solomon, Saladin and Suleiman the Magnificent to Cleopatra, Caligula and Churchill; from Abraham to Jesus and Muhammad; from the ancient world of Jezebel, Nebuchadnezzar, Herod and Nero to the modern times of the Kaiser, Disraeli, Mark Twain, Lincoln, Rasputin, Lawrence of Arabia and Moshe Dayan. ? Drawing on new archives, current scholarship, his own family papers and a lifetime’s study, Montefiore illuminates the essence of sanctity and mysticism, identity and empire in a unique chronicle of the city that many believe will be the setting for the Apocalypse. This is how Jerusalem became Jerusalem, and the only city that exists twice—in heaven and on earth.From the Hardcover edition. 作者簡介
Simon Sebag Montefiore read history at Cambridge University. His books have been published in more than thirty-five languages. Potemkin: Catherine the Great’s Imperial Partner was short-listed for the Samuel Johnson, Duff Cooper and Marsh Biography prizes in Britain. Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar was awarded the History Book of the Year Prize at the British Book Awards. Young Stalin won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Biography, the Costa Biography Award (U.K.), le Grand Prix de la biographie politique (France) and the Bruno Kreisky Prize for Political Literature (Austria). A Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, Montefiore lives in London with his wife, the novelist Santa Montefiore, and their two children. 精彩書評
Jackson Diehl …sweeping and absorbing…a master of colorful and telling details and anecdotes…Montefiore's account is admirably dispassionate and balanced… —The Washington Post Jonathan Rosen In Jerusalem: The Biography, Simon Sebag Montefiore unleashes so many kings, killers, prophets, pretenders, caliphs and crusaders, all surfing an ocean of blood, that the reader may begin to long for redemption, not from the book, which is impossible to put down, but from history itself…Montefiore…has a fine eye for the telling detail, and also a powerful feel for a good story—so much so that his vastly enjoyable chronicle at times has a quasi-mythic aspect. —The New York Times Book Review Fewer Reviews Publishers Weekly Popular historian Montefiore (Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar) presents a panoramic narrative of Jerusalem, organized chronologically and delivered with magisterial flair. Spanning eras from King David to modern Israel with rich anecdotes and vivid detail, this exceptional volume portrays the personalities and worldviews of the dynasties and families that shaped the city throughout its 3,000-year history. Montefiore explains how religious and political influences created the city’s character, while fostering its stature as a center of the Western religious world. He effectively demonstrates how political necessity stimulated and inspired religious devotion and how the portrayal of Jerusalem as a holy city sacred to three religions is relatively recent. Chapters are organized by epochs: Judaism, paganism, Christianity, Islam, Crusade, Mamluk, empire, and Zionism, with the body of the book ending with the Six-Day War. A balanced epilogue considers Jerusalem in the context of recent events. Drawing upon archival materials, archeological findings, recent scholarship, and his own family’s papers (he is descended from the 19th-century Jewish leader Moses Montefiore), Montefiore delivers Jerusalem’s unfolding story as epic panorama and nuanced documentary history, suitable for general and scholarly audiences. Photos and maps. (Oct.) Library Journal Few historians have demonstrated the vision, mastery, and boldness necessary to publish on a subject so vast and in such detail as Montefiore (Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar). Since Jerusalem's origins as a settlement more than 5000 years ago, its history, in the author's citation of 19th-century British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli, is "the history of the world." Montefiore explains the city's significance to the three Abrahamic faiths, the idiosyncrasies of its builders and conquerors, and the persistent perception there of a "divine presence." Montefiore starts with King David (he takes the Old Testament as the historical source), gets to the "quixotic and risky but pious" Crusades about halfway through the book, and goes on to note such "pilgrims" as Rasputin and Mark Twain. He confronts challenging questions, including the destruction of the Temple at the hands of Nebuchadnezzar in 586 B.C.E. and by Titus in 70 C.E. and the remarkable "Dome of the Rock," and he moves onward to the creation of modern Israel. VERDICT A marvelous panorama for all readers with an interest in religious studies or world history. [See Prepub Alert, 4/4/11.]—Zachary T. Irwin, Pennsylvania State Univ.-Erie Kirkus Reviews The sanguinary story of thousands of years of conflict in the home city of religions. Perhaps it's impossible to write disinterested history, but Montefiore (Young Stalin, 2007, etc.) endeavors to do so—and largely succeeds. The author sees Jerusalem not just as the setting for some of history's most savage violence—some of the butchery makes Titus Andronicus look like a Sesame Street segment—but a microcosm of our world. Our inability to achieve sustained peace there is emblematic of our failures around the globe. Montefiore begins in 70 CE with the assault of the Roman leader Titus (not Andronicus) on Jerusalem, an attack featuring thousands of crucifixions of Jews—not to mention eviscerations to extract from the bowels of the victims the valuables they'd swallowed. The author then retreats to the age of the biblical David, and away we go, sprinting through millennia, pausing only for necessary explanations of politics, religion, warfare and various intrigues. The story is horribly complex, and Montefiore struggles mightily to make everything clear as well as compelling, but the vast forest of names, places, events sometimes thoroughly conceals some small treasure at its heart. Still, the history is here: Nebuchadnezzar, the Herods, Alexander the Great, Jesus, Pilate, Caligula, Paul, Titus, Justinian, the Arabs and the Muslims, the Crusades, Richard the Lionheart, Saladin, Suleiman, Ottomans, Napoleon, Disraeli, Lawrence of Arabia, Zionism. There are even some guest appearances by Thackeray, Twain and Melville. Suddenly, we are in the 20th century, and only the names and the killing technology have changed. The author ends with the 1967 Six-Day War and with some speculations about the future. An essential text, bathed in blood, lit with faint hope.
耶路撒冷:一座聖城的興衰與變遷 深入探索人類曆史上最復雜、最引人入勝的城市之一 作者:[此處應填寫《耶路撒冷:三韆年史》的真實作者姓名,例如:Simon Sebag Montefiore] 譯者:[此處應填寫真實譯者姓名,如適用] 本書並非聚焦於某一特定曆史時期的事件,而是以宏大的敘事結構,追溯瞭耶路撒冷這座舉世聞名的城市,自其誕生之初,直至現代的數韆年間,所經曆的無盡的榮耀、衝突、毀滅與重生。 本書以一種既具學術嚴謹性又不失引人入勝的文學筆觸,描繪瞭耶路撒冷如何從一個不起眼的迦南定居點,逐步蛻變為連接三大一神教信仰的中心,以及它在世界舞颱上所扮演的關鍵角色。我們不會僅僅停留在對神聖遺跡的羅列,而是深入剖析生活在這座城市中的不同族群——猶太人、基督徒、穆斯林、羅馬人、拜占庭人、十字軍、奧斯曼帝國統治者、英國托管當局乃至現代以色列和巴勒斯坦人民——他們如何塑造瞭這座城市的物理麵貌和精神內核。 第一部分:古老的奠基與王權的崛起 故事始於青銅時代晚期,耶路撒冷,那時被稱為“烏魯薩利姆”(Urusalim),還是一個相對偏遠的貿易節點。本書將詳細考證考古發現與聖經文本的交叉印證,描述大衛王如何將其定為統一以色列王國的首都,並引入約櫃,奠定其作為猶太民族精神中心的地位。隨後的章節將聚焦於所羅門王宏偉的聖殿的建造,這座象徵著神聖權威的建築,如何吸引瞭周邊國傢和朝聖者的目光,也為後續的衝突埋下瞭伏筆。 我們審視瞭這座城市在第一聖殿時期(公元前10世紀至公元前6世紀)的政治結構、社會階層以及宗教儀式的演變。從希西傢王改革的艱難嘗試,到亞述和巴比倫的圍城,城市的命運緊密地與迦南地區的權力更迭相連。巴比倫的陷落,標誌著第一次大規模流亡的開始,這座城市的核心身份第一次遭受瞭物理上的剝奪,但精神的紐帶卻愈發堅韌。 第二部分:徵服、毀滅與信仰的重塑 本書詳盡地再現瞭希臘化時期,亞曆山大大帝的東徵如何將耶路撒冷捲入更廣闊的地中海政治漩渦。我們探討瞭馬加比傢族的起義,這是一場關於文化認同和宗教純潔性的激烈鬥爭,最終導緻瞭哈斯濛尼王朝的建立,一個短暫的獨立自主時期。 真正的轉摺點齣現在羅馬共和國的介入。本書細緻描繪瞭希律大帝統治下的城市景象——一個充滿宏偉建築和尖銳社會矛盾的熔爐。隨後,我們深入分析瞭公元一世紀猶太戰爭的爆發,羅馬軍團的殘酷鎮壓,以及公元70年第二聖殿的焚毀。這一災難性事件不僅是猶太曆史的傷疤,更是重塑瞭世界範圍內猶太教形態的關鍵時刻。 在隨後的拜占庭時代,耶路撒冷作為基督教的聖地地位被確立。君士坦丁大帝的介入使得聖墓教堂等重要地標拔地而起,城市的麵貌開始嚮一個以基督信仰為中心的方嚮轉變。我們將探究基督教徒、撒瑪利亞人和日益增長的猶太散居群體在這一時期的共存與摩擦。 第三部分:伊斯蘭的黎明與宗教的交匯 公元七世紀,伊斯蘭教的興起為這座古城帶來瞭第三個重大的宗教維度。本書描繪瞭哈裏發奧馬爾和平接收耶路撒冷的場景,以及“聖城”地位的確立。我們詳細考察瞭圓頂清真寺(Dome of the Rock)和阿剋薩清真寺的建造,這些壯麗的建築不僅是工程學的奇跡,更是伊斯蘭教在地理和神學上確立其在聖地的存在感。在伍麥葉王朝和阿拔斯王朝的統治下,耶路撒冷成為東西方貿易和學術交流的重要樞紐,多種文化在此交匯融閤。 然而,這種相對的和諧並非一帆風順。隨著法蒂瑪王朝的興衰和塞爾柱人的滲透,東西方之間的緊張關係加劇,為即將到來的決定性衝突——十字軍東徵——鋪平瞭道路。 第四部分:十字軍的血與火,以及奧斯曼的統治 十字軍東徵是耶路撒冷曆史上最血腥、最具顛覆性的篇章之一。本書詳盡再現瞭1099年十字軍攻陷耶路撒冷的過程,描繪瞭拉丁王國建立後的社會結構,以及歐洲騎士精神與東方復雜政治現實的碰撞。聖殿騎士團和醫院騎士團的興衰,構成瞭這一時期獨特的軍事與宗教景觀。 薩拉丁的勝利標誌著穆斯林對聖城的重新控製,這本書深入分析瞭薩拉丁如何平衡軍事勝利與對不同信仰群體的寬容政策,試圖重建一個更加包容的宗教共同體。 隨後的幾個世紀裏,十字軍與穆斯林勢力反復爭奪這座城市,直到奧斯曼帝國的崛起。蘇萊曼大帝對耶路撒冷城牆的重建工作,為這座城市注入瞭新的活力,奠定瞭我們今天所見部分城牆的基礎。奧斯曼統治下的耶路撒冷,是一個多民族、多宗教並存的帝國邊疆城市,其日常生活的細節、稅收製度以及對朝聖者的管理,都在本書中有細緻的描繪。 第五部分:近代性的衝擊與現代的掙紮 進入19世紀,西方列強的介入,以及現代化思潮的湧入,對這座韆年古城造成瞭巨大的衝擊。我們審視瞭猶太復國主義運動的興起及其對城市人口結構和土地所有權的影響;同時,穆斯林社群內部尋求現代化的努力也在此背景下展開。 本書的高潮部分,聚焦於兩次世界大戰及其後果:第一次世界大戰中奧斯曼帝國的崩潰,英國托管的開始,以及“貝爾福宣言”帶來的復雜期望。戰後,城市被分割為猶太區和阿拉伯區,緊張局勢一觸即發。 最後一章將目光投嚮1948年獨立戰爭(或稱“災難之年”)的殘酷進程,城市被分割的痛苦現實,以及隨後的幾次中東戰爭對耶路撒冷物理和政治地理的重塑。本書旨在以曆史的縱深感,審視當代關於耶路撒冷主權歸屬的爭論,探討這座城市在不同民族記憶中扮演的、往往相互矛盾的角色。 通過對考古學、文獻資料和第一手迴憶錄的綜閤運用,本書呈現瞭一幅無與倫比的耶路撒冷全景圖,它不僅是一座城市史,更是人類信仰、權力、身份認同與永恒衝突的縮影。