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[美] 尤尔 著

出版社： 外语教学与研究出版社

ISBN：9787560019536

版次：1

商品编码：10033748

品牌：外研社

包装：平装

丛书名： 当代国外语言学与应用语言学文库

开本：16开

出版时间：2000-08-01

用纸：胶版纸

页数：299

正文语种：中文

内容简介

　　《语言研究》是一本专为语言学初学者编写的入门教材。全书共分二十一章。作者以科学、客观的态度把人类关于语言的研究做了一番详细、全面的介绍，几乎涉及语言研究的所有领域。有些领域甚至分得非常细，如构词法和形态学专辟两章，语法和句法专辟两章，语用学和话语分析也分两章介绍。全书的语言朴实易懂，没有用新奇的术语唬人。为便于读者学习，每章还配有许多思考题和习题。
　　该书介绍的语言研究涵盖传统语言学（如语言文字学、历史语言学）和现代西方语言学诸领域。但是作者不以流派分章节，重在介绍现代语言学，兼顾传统语言学；既注重知识的系统性，又顾及到内容的趣味性。例如，作者在论述语言的属性之后意犹未尽，又辟一章举数例说明人和动物之间在交际和学习语言方面的根本差异：灵长目动物黑猩猩虽然能理解一些极基本的符号，但是它们的交际能力与人类的语言能力不可同日而语。

目录

王宗炎序
导读
Preface
Preface to second edition
1 The origins of language
2 The development of writing
3 The properties of language
4 Animals and human language
5 The sounds of language
6 The sound patterns of language
7 Words and word-formation processes
8 Morpology
9 Phrases and sentences:grammar
10 Syntax
11 Semantics
12 Pragmatics
13 Discourse analysis
14 Language and machines
15 Language and the brain
16 First language acquisition
17 Second language acquisition/learning
18 Sign language
19 Language history and change
20 Language varieties
21 Language,society and culture
Appendix
References
Index
文库索引

精彩书摘

From this diagram，we can say that "horse is a hyponym of animal" or that ‘ant is a hyponym of insect'.We can also say that two or more terms which share the same superordinate （lugher-up） term are co-hyponyms. So，horse and dog are co-hyponyms， and the superordinate term is animal.
The relation of hyponymy captures the idea of'is a kind of'， as when you give the meaning of a word by saying "an asp is a kind of snake".lt is often the case that the only thing some people know about the meaning of a word in their language is that it is a hyponym of another term. That is， you may know notlung more about the meaning of asp other than that it is a kind of snake.
It is worth emphasizing that.it is not only words for‘things' that are hyponyms. Terms for actions， such as cut， punch， shoot and stab， can all be found as co-hyponyms of the superordinate term injure.
Prototypes
While the words canary， dove， duck， flamingo， parrot， pelican， robin， swal-low and thrush are all equally co-hyponyms of the superordinate bird， they are not all considered to be equally good exemplars of the category ‘bird'.For'many American English speakers， the best exemplar， or the prototype， of‘bird' is the robin.The concept of a prototype helps explain the mearung of certain words， like bird， not in terms of component features （e.g.‘has feathers'，‘has wings'）， but in terms of resemblance to the clearest exemplar. Thus， even native speakers of English nught wonder if ostrich and penguin should be hyponyms of bird （technically， they are）， but have no trouble deciding about sparrow or prgeon.The last two are much closer to the proto-type.
Given the category label furniture， we are quicker to recognize chair as an exemplar than bench or stool. Given clothing， people recognize shirts quicker than shoes，and given vegetable，they accept carrot before potato or tomato.lt is obvious that there is some general pattern to the categorization process involved in prototypes and that it determines our interpretation of word meaning. However， this is one area where individual experience results in variation in interpretation， as when people disagree about whether tomato is a fruit or a vegetable.
Homophony， homonymy and polysemy
There are three other， less well-known terms which are often used to describe relationships among words in a language. The first of these is homophony. When two or more different （written） forms have the same pronunciation，they are described as homophones. Some examples are bare - bear， meat-meet， ftour flower，pail-pale， sew-so.
The term homonymy is used when one form （written and spoken） has two or more unrelated meanings. Examples of homonyms are the pairs bank （of a river） - bank （financialinstitution）， bat （flying creature） - bat （used in sports）， race （contest of speed） - race （ethnic group）， pupll （at school）-pupil （in the eye） and mole （on skin） - mole （small animaI）.The temptation is to think that the two types of bank must be related in meaning.They are not. Homonyms are words which have quite separate meanings， but which have accidentally come to have exactly the same form.
Relatedness of meaning accompanying identical form is technically known as polysemy， which can be defined as one form （written or spoken）having multiple meanings which are all related by extension. Examples are the word head，used to refer to the object on top of your body， on top of a glass of beer， on top of a company or department; or foot （of person， of bed， of mountain），or run （person does，water does，colors do）.
The distinction between homonymy and polysemy is not always clear cut. However，one indication of the distinction can be found in the typical dictio-nary entry for words. If a word has multiple meanings （polysenuc）， then there will be a single entry，with a numbered list of the different meanings of the word.lf two words are treated as homonyms，they will typically have two separate entries.You could check in your dictionary and probably find that the different meanings of words like head， get， run， face and foot are treated as examples of polysemy， whereas mail， bank， sole and mole are treated as examples of homonymy.
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我喜欢这本书，教材用的

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一个老是受班上同学欺负的瘦弱小男孩，因为拥有一种特殊能力而强大：他能“ 偷别人的影子” ，因而能看见他人心事，听见人们心中不愿意说出口的秘密。他开始成为需要帮助者的心灵伙伴，为每个偷来的影子点亮生命的小小光芒。[1] 某年灿烂的夏天，他在海边邂逅一位又聋又哑的女孩。他该如何用自己的能力帮助她？他将如何信守与她共许的承诺？[2] [3]不知道姓氏的克蕾儿。一个会用风筝写出“我想你”的女孩啊，让人永远都忘不了。[3] 一段缠绵多年的爱恋，一段进行中的不完美爱情。故事温柔风趣，轻盈优雅，能让你我真正感受到心跳的爱情疗愈小说。一个爱与友情盛开的美丽世界，在此，想象力超越了一切日常生活及人际关系。一本关于童年追忆、关于深藏在成年人内心深处梦想的小说。马克．李维一贯的写作风格，国外出版社定义本书为“温柔又风趣”。容易贴近台湾女性读者的心。有浪漫的爱情元素、父母亲子课题、朋友相挺的义气，迎合大众市场。爱情场景刻画细致，对白浪漫感人，尤其结局会让女性感动。母子亲情的刻画很催泪。跟《那些我们没谈过的事》写法相似，有不美满家庭长大的主角、有贴心好友、一段多年的爱恋、一段进行中的不完美爱情……最后，多年的情人浪漫复合。 2作品目录 楔子 001·我的童年就在那里，带点忧愁又有点悲痛，在这外省的小城市里，我拼命等着伊丽莎白垂怜而看我一眼，在绝望中等待长大。影子的秘密 005·为每一个你所偷来的影子找到点亮生命的小小光芒，为它们找回隐匿的记忆拼图，这便是我们对你的全部请托。海滩上的克蕾儿 071·她凝视着我，漾出一朵微笑，并且在纸上写下：“你偷走了我的影子，不论你在哪里，我都会一直想着你。” 吕克的梦想 089·生命中某些珍贵的片刻，其实都来自于一些微不足道的小事。如果我今晚没有留下来，我想我永远不会与母亲有此番深谈。与母亲一起离开阁楼后，我最后一次踱回天窗底下，默默感谢我的影子。苏菲的伤 131·我只是你生活里的一个影子，你却在我的生命里占有重要地位。如果我只是个单纯的过客，为何要让我闯入你的生活?我千百次想过要离开你，但仅凭一己之力我做不到。 偷影子的人被唤回的记忆 173·不知道姓氏的克蕾儿。这就是你在我生命里的角色，我童年时的小女孩，今日蜕变成了女人，一段青梅竹马的回忆，一个时间之神没有应允的愿望。用风筝写下的思念 201·一个会用风筝向你写出“我想你”的女孩啊，真让人永远都忘不了她。致谢 / 221 他们眼中《偷影子的人》/ 224 3点评鉴赏 《偷影子的人》是马克·李维的第10部作品，该书在法国首印45万册，位列全年销量排行榜的总冠军，法国媒体惊叹：“销售得比影子消失的速度还快！”这部作品完美展现了马克·李维温柔风趣的写作风格，有催人泪下的亲情、浪漫感人的爱情和不离不弃的友情，清新浪漫的气息和温柔感人的故事相互交织，带给读者笑中带泪的阅读感受，是一部唤醒童年回忆和内心梦想的温情疗愈小说。

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还不赖，对考研考试有大帮助

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语言研究 外研社这一系列的书都推荐。

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纸质很好，正版，考研参考书，不过最好配本参考书，看起来简单些

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帮朋友买的，没见抱怨

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老师让买的 ,上课用,内容充实

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帮朋友买的，没见抱怨

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书不错，服务也很好，物流很快