數理邏輯（第2版） [Mathematical Logic] pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2025

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☆☆☆☆☆

[德] 艾賓浩斯 著

齣版社： 世界圖書齣版公司

ISBN：9787506292276

版次：1

商品編碼：10096474

包裝：平裝

外文名稱：Mathematical Logic

開本：24開

齣版時間：2008-05-01

用紙：膠版紙

頁數：289

正文語種：英語

編輯推薦

　　A short digression into model theory will help us to analyze the expressive power of the first-order language， and it will turn out that there are certain deficiencies. For example， the first-order language does not allow the formulation of an adequate axiom system for arithmetic or analysis. On the other hand， this di~culty can be overcome——-even in the framework of first-order logic——by developing mathematics in set-theoretic terms. We explain the prerequisites from set theory necessary for this purpose and then treat the subtle relation between logic and set theory in a thorough manner.
　　Godels incompleteness theorems are presented in connection with several related results (such as Trahtenbrots theorem) which all exemplify the limitatious of machine-oriented proof methods. The notions of computability theory that are relevant to this discussion are given in detail. The concept of computability is made precise by means of the register machine as a

內容簡介

　　What is a mathematical proof? How can proofs be justified? Are there limitations to provability? To what extent can machines carry out mathematical proofs?
　　Only in this century has there been success in obtaining substantial and satisfactory answers. The present book contains a systematic discussion of these results. The investigations are centered around first-order logic. Our first goal is Godels completeness theorem， which shows that the consequence relation coincides with formal provability： By means of a calculus consisting of simple formal inference rules， one can obtain all consequences of a given axiom system (and in particular， imitate all mathematical proofs)

內頁插圖

目錄

Preface
PART A
ⅠIntroduction
1.An Example from Group Theory
2.An Example from the Theory of Equivalence Relations
3.A Preliminary Analysis
4.Preview
Ⅱ Syntax of First-Order Languages
1.Alphabets
2.The Alphabet of a First-Order Language
3.Terms and Formulas in First-Order Languages
4.Induction in the Calculus of Terms and in the Calculus of Formulas
5.Free Variables and Sentences
Ⅲ Semantics of First-Order Languages
1.Structures and Interpretations
2.Standardization of Connectives
3.The Satisfaction Relation
4.The Consequence Relation
5.Two Lemmas on the Satisfaction Relation
6.Some simple formalizations
7.Some remarks on Formalizability
8.Substitution
Ⅳ A Sequent Calculus
1．Sequent Rules
2．Structural Rules and Connective Rules
3．Derivable Connective Rules
4．Quantifier and Equality Rules
5．Further Derivable Rules and Sequents
6．Summary and Example
7．Consistency
ⅤThe Completeness Theorem
1．Henkin’S Theorem．
2． Satisfiability of Consistent Sets of Formulas（the Countable Casel
3． Satisfiability of Consistent Sets of Formulas（the General Case）
4．The Completeness Theorem
Ⅵ The LSwenheim-Skolem and the Compactness Theorem
1．The L6wenheim-Skolem Theorem．
2．The Compactness Theorem
3．Elementary Classes
4．Elementarily Equivalent Structures
Ⅶ The Scope of First-Order Logic
1．The Notion of Formal Proof
2．Mathematics Within the Framework of Fimt—Order Logic
3．The Zermelo-Fraenkel Axioms for Set Theory．
4．Set Theory as a Basis for Mathematics
Ⅷ Syntactic Interpretations and Normal Forms
1．Term-Reduced Formulas and Relational Symbol Sets
2．Syntactic Interpretations
3．Extensions by Definitions
4．Normal Forms
PART B
Ⅸ Extensions of First-order logic
Ⅹ Limitations of the Formal Method
Ⅺ Free Models and Logic Programming
Ⅻ An Algebraic Characterization of Elementary Equivalence
ⅩⅢ Lindstrom’s Theorems
References
Symbol Index
Subject Index

前言/序言

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對學習研究專業領域有價值

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紙張精美 摸上去手感質量很好 知識點豐富 一看就很喜歡呀

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知識是人類在實踐中認識客觀世界的成果。它可能包括事實，信息，描述或在教育和實踐中獲得的技能。它可能是關於理論的，也可能是關於實踐的。在哲學中，關於知識的研究叫做認識論。知識的獲取涉及到許多復雜的過程：感覺，交流，推理。知識也可以看成構成人類智慧的最根本的因素。

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超級好的書

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好書好服務

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還沒有看，都是經典教材啊

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數學邏輯書，很有意思的一本書。

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邏輯問題，初步奠定瞭數理邏輯的基礎。

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所謂數學方法就是指數學采用的一般方法，包括使用符號和公式，已有的數學成果和方法，特彆是使用形式的公理方法。