世界名著典藏係列：物種起源（英文全本） [On the Origin of the Species] epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

世界名著典藏係列：物種起源（英文全本） [On the Origin of the Species] epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

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世界名著典藏係列：物種起源（英文全本） [On the Origin of the Species] epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

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編輯推薦

　　

　　在中國現代化的進程中，西方哲學社會科學始終是最重要的思想資源。然而，一個令人遺憾的事實是，自19 世紀末20 世紀初“西學東漸”起，國人對於西學的瞭解，基本上是憑藉零星的翻譯和介紹，認真地去讀原著的人少之又少。這些中譯本，囿於譯者的眼光和水平，往往與原著齣入頗大。因此，國人談論西學的情景，很像是瞎子摸象，雖然各執一詞，卻皆不得要領。
　　當然，100年間，還是齣現瞭一批學貫中西的學者，但其中肯花工夫於譯業的太少。許多年積纍下來，我們在這個領域擁有的優質中譯本依然十分有限。而且，再好的譯本，畢竟與原著隔瞭一層。倘若我們的學術界始終主要依靠中譯本去瞭解和研究西學，我們的西學水平就永遠不能擺脫可憐的境況。
　　好在現在有瞭改變這種境況的條件。在當今全球化時代，隨著國門進一步開放，中外交流日漸增多，人們普遍重視英語學習，國人中尤其年輕人中具備閱讀英文原著能力的人越來越多瞭。在這種形勢下，本叢書應運而生。編輯者的計劃是，選擇西方哲學、人文學科、社會科學領域的最基本的英文經典原著，分批陸續齣版，為有誌者提供價廉的版本和閱讀的便利。我贊賞這樣的善舉，並且相信，這也是為學術界做的一件益事。
　　周國平
　　2010年2月24日

內容簡介

　　《世界名著典藏係列：物種起源（英文全本）》是影響人類發展進程的劃時代著作，震撼世界的十《世界名著典藏係列：物種起源（英文全本）》之一，《世界名著典藏係列：物種起源（英文全本）》還是影響中國近代社會的經典著作，1985年被美國《生活》雜誌評為人類有史以來最佳圖書。

精彩書評

　　★倘若我們的學術界始終主要依靠中譯本去瞭解和研究西學，我們的西學水平就永遠不能擺脫可憐的境況。本書從選擇西方哲學、人文學科、社會學科領域的最基本的英文經典原著，分批陸續齣版，我贊賞這樣的善舉，並且相信，這也是為學術做的一件益事。
　　——周國平

目錄

1 INTRODUCTION
2 VARIATION UNDER DOMOESTICATION
3 VARIATION UNDER NATURE
4 STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
5 NATURAL SELECTION
6 LAWS OF VARIATION
7 DIFFICULTIES ON THEORY
8 INSTNCT
9 HYBRIDISM
10 ON THE IMPERFECTIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL
11 ON THE GEOOGICAL SUCCESSION OF ORGANIC
12 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
13 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION-CONTINUED
14 MUTUAL AFFINITIES OF ORGANIC BEINGS
15 RECAPITULATION AND CONCUSION

精彩書摘

　　That climate acts in main part indirectly by favouring other species， we may clearly see in the prodigious number of plants in our gardens which can perfectly well endure our climate， but which never become naturalised， for they cannot compete with our native plants， nor resist destruction by our native animals.
　　When a species， owing to highly favourable circumstances， increases inordinately in numbers in a small tract， epidemics-at least， this seems generally to occur with our game animals-often ensue: and here we have a limiting check independent of the struggle for life. But even some of these so-called epidemics appear to be due to parasitic worms， which have from some cause， possibly in
　　part through facility of diffusion amongst the crowded animals， been disproportionably favoured: and here comes in a sort of struggle between the parasite and its prey.
　　On the other hand， in many cases， a large stock of individuals of the same species， relatively to the numbers of its enemies， is absolutely necessary for its preservation. Thus we can easily raise plenty of corn and rape-seed， etc.， in our fields， because the seeds are in great excess compared with the number of birds which feed on them; nor can the birds， though having a superabundance of food at this one season， increase in number proportionally to the supply of seed， as their numbers are checked during winter: but any one who has tried， knows how troublesome it is to get seed from a few wheat or other such plants in a garden; I have in this case lost every single seed. This view of the
　　necessity of a large stock of the same species for its preservation， explains， I believe， some singular facts in nature， such as that of very rare plants being sometimes extremely abundant in the few spots where they do occur; and that of some social plants being social， that is， abounding in individuals， even on the extreme confines of their range. For in such cases， we may believe， that a plant could exist only where the conditions of its life were so favourable that many could exist together， and thus save each other from utter destruction. I should add that the good effects of frequent intercrossing， and the ill effects of close interbreeding， probably come into play in some of these cases; but on this intricate subject I will not here enlarge.
　　Many cases are on record showing how complex and unexpected are the checks and relations between organic beings， which have to struggle together in the same country. I will give only a single instance， which， though a simple one， has interested me. In Staffordshire， on the estate of a relation where I had ample means of investigation， there was a large and extremely barren heath， which had never been touched by the hand of man; but several hundred acres of exactly the same nature had been enclosed twenty-five years previously and planted with Scotch fir. The change in the native vegetation of the planted part of the heath was most remarkable， more than is generally seen in passing from one quite different soil to another: not only the proportional numbers of the heath-plants were wholly changed， but twelve species of plants (not counting grasses and carices) fiourished in the plantations， which could not be found on the heath. The effect on the insects must have been still greater， for six insectivorous birds were very common in the plantations， which were not to be seen on the heath; and the heath was frequented by two or three distinct insectivorous birds. Here we see how potent has been the effect of the introduction of a single tree， nothing whatever else having been done， with the exception that the land had been enclosed， so that cattle could not enter. But how important an element enclosure is， I plainly saw near Farnham， in Surrey.
　　Here there are extensive heaths， with a few clumps of old Scotch firs on the distant hill-tops: within the last ten years large spaces have been enclosed， and self-sown firs are now springing up in multitudes， so close together that all cannot live.
　　When I ascertained that these young trees had not been sown or planted， I was so much surprised at their numbers that I went to several points of view， whence I could examine hundreds of acres of the unenclosed heath， and literally I could not see a single Scotch fir， except the old planted clumps. But on looking closely between the stems of the heath， I found a multitude of seedlings and little trees， which had been perpetually browsed down by the cattle. In one square yard， at a point some hundred yards distant from one of the old clumps， I counted thirty-two little trees; and one of them， judging from the rings of growth， had during twenty-six years tried to raise its head above the stems of the heath， and had failed. No wonder that， as soon as the land was enclosed， it became thickly clothed with vigorously growing young firs. Yet the heath was so extremely barren and so extensive that no one would ever have imagined that cattle would have so closely and effectually searched it for food.
　　……

前言/序言

世界名著典藏係列：物種起源（英文全本） [On the Origin of the Species] epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

世界名著典藏係列：物種起源（英文全本） [On the Origin of the Species] 下載 epub mobi pdf txt 電子書

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捎帶瞭解曆史，捎帶學英文

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