具體描述
産品特色
編輯推薦
“庭草驟雨遠去,蟋蟀鳴聲可聞,原來鞦已近。”——《萬葉集》
《野外鳴蟲圖鑒》以季節和環境為綫索,為讀者介紹日本自古以來一直作為季節風物詩而為大傢所熟悉的直翅目昆蟲——蟋蟀與螽斯。全書通過跨頁彩色鉛筆畫、黑白剪影等細緻圖像展示蟋蟀與螽斯等直翅目昆蟲的形態特徵、發聲原理與生活史,兼具科學認知與藝術審美價值。
本書由在東京大學生命科學係攻讀博士學位的金弘淵執筆翻譯,由新銳昆蟲科普達人三蝶紀傾情審校。書中另附有作者總結的鳴蟲、生境繪畫教學指南,可以幫助各位自然愛好者精進觀察技能。讓我們一起閱讀本書,從“聆聽”再“見到”更豐富的大自然!
內容簡介
本書通過細緻的彩色鉛筆畫展示生活在我們周圍的鳴蟲,藉助鳴蟲聲還原大自然的多樣聲景。讀者可以通過精簡、清晰的圖鑒認識各類鳴蟲,也可以跟隨跨頁的微縮景觀追尋它們的蹤跡。讓我們開啓自然觀察中的聽覺維度:在聆聽蟲鳴的風雅之中,體察更廣域的大韆世界。
作者簡介
著者簡介
瀨長剛,1952年齣生於東京,畢業於東京大學農業園林係,現任京都造型藝術大學兼職講師,日本直翅目昆蟲學會會員。現居住在神奈川縣橫須賀,也為景觀設計顧問,在觀音崎自然曆史博物館擔任義工。
譯者簡介
金弘淵,浙江大學農學學士,東京大學生命科學碩士,同專業博士課程在讀。愛好觀察昆蟲。
審校:三蝶紀,華東師範大學動物學碩士,科普作者,著有《酷蟲成長記》。
內頁插圖
目錄
第1章 從春天到初夏的草地
第2章 從夏天到鞦天的草地
第3章 從夏天到鞦天的傢的附近
第4章 從夏天到鞦天的森林
第5章 越鼕
第6章 特殊的環境
第7章 飼養鳴蟲
參考文獻
齣版後記
前言/序言
為瞭尋找連在夏末的霧峰山也見不到、聽不到的鳴蟲,我來到瞭這裏。這裏周圍是綿延起伏的草地,我一邊走,一邊尋覓著蟲聲。日本藍盆花、毛果一枝黃花、野原薊點點盛開,孔雀蛺蝶翩翩飛舞。這些都喚起瞭我昔日采蝶的記憶。這裏到處都能聽見日本深山伊螽的叫聲,它們也曾齣沒在大菩薩山頂和山脊上。
在遠處灌木叢生的草叢裏,隱隱約約地傳齣斷斷續續的蟲聲——這是日本深山伊螽。不過它們的鳴叫方式有所不同。我小心地靠近,發現是隻小個子。它比平時常見的東方螽斯小得多,邊上還有一隻雌蟲。
將此時眼前的風景濃縮一下,便成瞭這本書的封麵。此畫以從夏天到鞦天,能在的草地環境中能見到的鳴蟲為主,以在山地草叢中棲息的鳴蟲為主題作成。其中描繪瞭4種鳴蟲,共8隻。它們混雜在草叢枝葉中,大概並不太容易被發現。
在各種各樣的昆蟲裏,有一類包含瞭蝗蟲、蟋蟀和螽斯的大傢族,它們被稱為直翅目。其中能發齣特彆響亮與復雜的聲音的蟋蟀和螽斯,自古以來就以“鳴蟲”的身份而為大傢所熟知。
我之所以會為鳴蟲的魅力所吸引,是因為11年前參加瞭一次誌願者活動。當時因觀音崎自然博物館的展齣需要,我繪製瞭幾張鳴蟲的畫。一邊觀察活生生的蟲子,一邊作畫,我就發現它們在行動和姿態上有著其他昆蟲所不具備的趣味和魅力,這多少吸引到瞭我。
有成年瞭也僅僅隻有6毫米長,卻能發齣美妙、響亮叫聲的蟋蟀;也有鳴叫得抑揚頓挫,仿佛能讓你覺得它一定墜入瞭愛河的蟋蟀;還有會用後腿把自己糞便蹬飛,以及常常為瞭保持清潔,像是在舔自己的觸角和腿腳一樣認真地整理自己行頭的螽斯。真是百看不厭呐。
想聆聽各種各樣的蟲鳴、想見識更多不認識的鳴蟲,我畫著畫著,這樣的念頭不斷地強烈起來。於是我在調查、采集和飼養昆蟲的同時,開始積攢昆蟲的畫作。
調查和采集工作主要在夜間進行,而夜間的草地和樹林是與白天完全不同的世界。白天平凡無奇的草地,在滿月的夜裏化身為灑滿銀色月光的美麗仙境。在這樣的空間裏,此起彼伏的雲斑金蟋或長瓣樹蟋此起彼伏的鳴叫聲,能讓你忘卻時間的流逝。在黑暗的森林裏,我藉助手電的光仔細地在樹乾和樹葉上尋找鳴蟲。這讓我聽到瞭在白天聽不見的、各種各樣的聲音。
在這樣的調查和采集過程中,我遇見瞭一次神秘鳴叫聲,這是什麼聲音呢?在一個分外晴好的鞦日傍晚,我留意到一片農傢的竹籬笆,從那裏傳齣瞭咂嘴一樣的聲音。竹子不僅長得又高又密,竹葉被風吹過的聲音也不絕於耳。根本無法辨彆聲音的真麵目。我下定決心,嚮農傢解釋清楚原委,請他們允許我繞到籬笆後麵探個究竟。可惜最終卻一無所獲。我試著去查詢資料,結果顯示在我所居住的三浦半島並沒有這種鳴蟲的記錄,隻勉強地在神奈川縣找到瞭少數幾例記載。雖然我知道它是一種棲息在竹林中,名為瓢草切古猛螽的螽斯,但卻找不到證據。第二年,它雖然依舊在那兒鳴叫,可我仍空手而歸。直到第三年,我終於在農傢附近的川竹林裏找到瞭它!就是瓢草切古猛螽,螽斯的一種,頭上有像歌舞伎演員一樣的綠色臉譜。像這樣偶然得以一見的生靈,在且僅在這看似平常卻又不多的某片竹林中繁衍生息。不僅僅在竹林中,蟋蟀和螽斯的同類也會適應並棲息在令你匪夷所思的環境中。此外,它們與蝴蝶和甲蟲還不一樣。絕大多數種類體色近似土地、綠葉或枯葉的顔色,棲息在草叢中、灌木裏、石頭下。要是伸手去捉,它們就會一蹬長腿,跳著開溜瞭。它們巧用“遁走、隱匿、欺詐”的伎倆,讓你隻聞其聲,不見其形。實在是難以被人發現的昆蟲呐。
將那些難以尋覓的昆蟲的生存狀態,連同其周邊的風景一起畫下來,我覺得這應該會很有趣。於是我畫瞭這些帶有生境的畫,在博物館裏舉辦瞭名為“觀音崎的鳴蟲”的畫展。在作畫的過程中,我將自己帶入畫作中,就好像在草叢或是森林裏尋找鳴蟲一樣,作畫的過程也漸漸愉快起來。我會考慮某隻鳴蟲棲息地的季節,或是生境所處的白天黑夜,然後將腦海中的這些畫麵構圖描繪下來。自那之後過瞭10年,我完成瞭種種鳴蟲與棲息地的畫作。
本書包括瞭鳴蟲與其棲息地的27幅畫,介紹瞭自其中登場的普通鳴蟲,以及分布在局部地區的稀有品種。在以我所居住的關東地區為中心的廣闊地域裏,本書以圖鑒的形式網羅瞭97種被觀察到的鳴蟲。
從衝繩島到北海道,日本南北走嚮細長。這裏有著各種各樣的風土氣候和環境,也棲息著各種各樣的生物。而這本書所描繪的鳴蟲和其棲息環境,僅僅是其中的一小部分。這其中包括衝繩的照葉林、紅樹林,北海道的海岸草地等,還有各種各樣的棲息地與隻生活在那裏的鳴蟲種類。在這之後,我想我還會像現在這樣踏上探覓鳴蟲的道路,將那些棲息地一一描繪下來。
在欣賞插畫的同時,請細細品味那種對捕蟲充滿期待的緊張感和愉快的心情,以及搜尋畫中鳴蟲的快樂。願本書能成為你開始聆聽鳴蟲之聲的契機,幫助你領略鳴蟲的趣味所在,帶領你感受大自然精妙絕倫的多樣性。
2010年8月瀨長剛
《野外鳴蟲圖鑒》:靜謐夏夜的生命樂章 當夏日的餘暉漸漸隱去,夜幕如墨染般籠罩大地,一股股來自草叢、樹林深處,抑或山野田間的奇妙樂聲便悄然奏響。它們或高亢嘹亮,或低沉婉轉,或急促如鼓,或舒緩如歌,共同編織成瞭一麯麯動人心魄的夏夜交響麯。這便是屬於大自然的饋贈——鳴蟲們的歌唱。 《野外鳴蟲圖鑒》並非一本關於鳴蟲繁殖習性、生態位探討的學術專著,也非一本探究鳴蟲鳴唱機製的科學論文集。它所呈現的,是一份更為純粹、更為貼近生活、更為充滿溫度的生命記錄。這本圖鑒,更像是一位資深自然愛好者,懷揣著對 Those who inhabit the wild and sing their songs, with keen observation and a loving heart, painstakingly compiled a comprehensive and visually stunning guide. Its purpose is not to dissect, analyze, or quantify, but rather to illuminate, to share, and to evoke a deeper appreciation for these often-overlooked, yet vital, inhabitants of our natural world. Imagine walking through a dewy meadow at dusk, the air thick with the scent of damp earth and blooming wildflowers. The first hesitant chirps begin, tentative at first, then growing bolder, more confident, as if the singers are testing the stillness of the night. This is the symphony that 《野外鳴蟲圖鑒》 seeks to introduce you to. It's a journey into the intimate world of insects that communicate through sound, a world often obscured by the clamor of human activity. This guide aims to be your constant companion on your excursions into the wild. Whether you are a seasoned entomologist or simply a curious soul drawn to the mysteries of nature, this book offers a gateway to understanding and identifying the diverse chorus around you. It’s a tool designed to foster connection, to turn a casual stroll into an educational adventure, and to transform the unfamiliar sounds of the night into recognizable voices of nature. The heart of this compendium lies in its meticulously crafted illustrations. Far from being sterile scientific renderings, these images breathe life into each subject. They capture the delicate iridescence of a beetle’s wings, the intricate segmentation of an insect’s body, the subtle variations in their antennae and legs – all depicted with a level of detail that allows you to truly see these creatures, not just as abstract concepts, but as tangible, living beings. These are not mere photographs; they are artistic interpretations, enhanced to highlight the defining characteristics of each species, making identification a more intuitive and engaging process. Each illustration is a small masterpiece, a testament to the beauty and diversity of insect life. Beyond the visual splendor, 《野外鳴蟲圖鑒》 excels in providing clear, concise, and practical identification information. For each featured species, you will find essential details that go beyond mere classification. The text is written in a straightforward, accessible manner, avoiding overly technical jargon, ensuring that it remains comprehensible to a broad audience. You will learn about their preferred habitats – are they found basking in the sun on a dry leaf, clinging to the underside of a blade of grass, or hidden amongst the dense foliage of a bush? You’ll discover their characteristic calls, often described with onomatopoeic words that echo the sounds themselves, helping you to mentally “hear” the insect before you even see it. This descriptive language aims to paint a vivid auditory picture, guiding your ear towards the source of the song. Furthermore, the book delves into the subtle nuances that distinguish one species from another. Are there specific wing venations to observe? What is the typical size and color pattern? Does the insect exhibit any unique behaviors? This level of detail is crucial for accurate identification, transforming the initial curiosity about a particular sound into a satisfying process of discovery and knowledge. It’s about learning to differentiate the sharp, percussive rhythm of one cricket from the sustained, almost musical hum of another. The selection of species within 《野外鳴蟲圖鑒》 is thoughtfully curated to encompass the most commonly encountered and fascinating鳴蟲s found in natural environments. This is not an exhaustive encyclopedia of every single known species, which would be an unwieldy and impractical endeavor for the typical nature enthusiast. Instead, it focuses on those that are most likely to be observed and heard by individuals exploring parks, forests, meadows, and even their own backyards. The aim is to equip you with the knowledge to identify the majority of the singing insects you are likely to encounter during your explorations. Moreover, the book provides context for the sounds you hear. It helps you understand that these are not random noises, but rather deliberate communications. For some, it's a declaration of territory, a bold announcement to rivals: "This space is mine!" For others, it's an invitation, a serenade to potential mates, a melodious plea to connect and continue the cycle of life. Understanding the purpose behind the song adds another layer of appreciation, transforming the mere act of listening into an understanding of the intricate social lives of these small creatures. 《野外鳴蟲圖鑒》 encourages a mindful engagement with the natural world. It prompts you to slow down, to listen attentively, and to look beyond the obvious. It’s about finding joy in the small wonders that surround us, the hidden melodies that fill the air when we take the time to truly perceive them. The book is an invitation to develop a deeper, more personal connection with the environment, to recognize the individual voices that contribute to the overarching harmony of nature. This guide is also an ode to the fleeting beauty of these ephemeral sounds. The peak of insect singing often coincides with specific seasons and times of day. To truly appreciate them, one must be present in the moment, attuned to the rhythms of the natural world. 《野外鳴蟲圖鑒》 serves as a reminder of this temporal aspect, urging readers to seek out these experiences before the season passes and the voices fall silent. It’s about capturing a moment, appreciating the transient, and cherishing the memories of those summer nights filled with song. In essence, 《野外鳴蟲圖鑒》 is more than just a book; it's an experience. It’s an encouragement to step outside, to embrace the natural world, and to discover the enchanting symphony that plays out every summer night. It's a guide designed to empower you with the knowledge to identify, understand, and ultimately, to fall in love with the humble yet magnificent creatures that fill our nights with their captivating melodies. It’s a testament to the intricate beauty and vibrant life that often goes unnoticed, waiting patiently for those who are willing to listen.