費曼費恩曼物理學講義(第一捲)(第二捲)(第三捲) 全3冊 英文版
1.費恩曼物理學講義(第一捲)英文版 書號:9787506272476 定價:95.00元
2.費恩曼物理學講義(第二捲)英文版 書號:9787506272483 定價:98.00元
3.費恩曼物理學講義(第三捲)英文版 書號:9787506272490 定價:78.00元
內容簡介 Feynmanetal,TheesarethelecturesinphysicsthatIgavelastyearandtheyearbeforetothefreshmanandsophomoreclassesatCaltech.Thelecturesare,ofcourse,notverbatim-theyhavebeenedited,sometimesextensivelyandsometimeslessso.Thelecturesformonlypartofthecompletecourese.Thewholegroupof180studentsgatheredinabiglectureroomtwiceaweektoheartheselectresandthentheybrokeupintosmallgroupsof15to20studentsinrecitationsectionsundertheguidanceofateachingassistant.Inaddition,therewasalaboratorysessiononceaweek.
此書為英文版。
作者簡介 Feynman et al,Thees are the lectures in physics that I gave last year and the year before to the freshman and sophomore classes at Caltech.The lectures are,of course,not verbatim-they have been edited,sometimes extensively and sometimes lessso.The lecture
目 錄 CHAPTER1.ATOMS IN MOTION.
CHAPTER2.BASIC PHYSICS
CHAPTER3.THE RELATION OF PHYSICS TO OTHER SCIENCES
CHAPTER4.CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
CHAPTER5.TIME AND DISTANCE
CHAFFER6.PROBABILITY
CHAPTER7.THE THEORY OF GRAVITATION
CHAPTER8.MOTION
CHAPTER9.NEWTON'S LAWS OF DYNAMICS
CHAPTER10.CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
CHAPTER11.VECTORS
CHAPTER12.CHARACTERISTICS OF FORCE
CHAPTER13.WORK AND POTENTIAL ENERGY(A)
CHAPTER14.WORK AND POTENTIAL ENERGY(conclusion)
CHAPTER15.THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
CHAPTER16.RELATIVISTIC ENERGY AND MOMENTUM
CHAPTER17.SPACE-TIME
CHAPTER18.ROTATION IN Two DIMENSIONS
CHAPTER19.CENTER OF MASS;MOMENT OF INERTIA
CHAPTER20.ROTATION IN SPACE
CHAPTER21.THE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR
CHAPTER22.ALGEaRA
CHAPTER23.RESONANCE
CHAPTER24.TRANSIENTS
……
內容簡介 For some forty years Richard P. Feynman focussed his curiosity on the mysterious workings of the physical world, and bent his intellect to searching out the order in its chaos. Now, he has given two years of his ability and his energy to his Lectures on Physics for beginning students. For them he has distilled the essence of his knowledge, and has created in terms they can hope to grasp a picture of the physicist's universe. To his lectures he has brought the brilliance and clarity of his thought, the originality and vitality of his approach, and the contagious enthusiasm of his delivery. It was a joy to behold. . The first year's lectures formed the basis for the first volume of this set of books. We have tried in this the second volume to make some kind of a record of a part of the second year's lectures--which were given to the sophomore class during the 1962-1963 academic year. The rest of the second year's lectures will make up Volume III.
目 錄 CHAPTER 1. ELECTROMAGNETISM
CHAPTER 2. DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS OF VECTOR FIELDS
CHAPTER 3. VECTOR INTEGRAL CALCULUS
CHAPTER 4. EKECTRISTATUCS
CHAPTER 5. APPLICATION OF GAUSS'LAW
CHAPTER 6. THE ELECTRIC FIELD IN VARIOUS CIRCUMSTANCES
CHAPTER 7. THE ELECTRIC FIELD IN VARIOUS CIRCUMSTANCES(Continued)
CHAPTER 8. ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY
CHAPTER 9. ELECTRICITY IN THE ATMOSPHERE
CHAPTER 10. DIELECTRICS
CHAPTER 11. INSIDE DIELECTRICS
CHAPTER 12. ELECTROSTATIC ANALOGS
CHAPTER 13. MAGNETOSTATICS
CHAPTER 14. THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN VARIOUS
CHAPTER 15. THE VECTOR POTENTIAL
CHAPTER 16. INDUCED CURRENTS
CHAPTER 17. THE LAWS OF INDUCTION
CHAPTER 18. THE MAXWELL EQUATIONS
CHAPTER 19. THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST ACTION
CHAPTER 20. SOLUTIONS OF MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN FREE SPACE
CHAPTER 21. SOLUTIONS OF MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS WITH CURRENTS AND CHAGES
CHAPTER 22. AC CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 23. CAVITY RESONATORS
……
內容簡介 Agreattriumphoftwentieth-centuryphysics,thetheoryofquantummechanics,isnownearly40yearsold,yetwehavegenerallybeengivingourstudentstheirintroductorycourseinphysics(formanystudents,theirlast)withhardlymorethanacasualallusiontothiscentralpartofourknowledgeofthephysicalworld.Weshoulddobetterbythem.Theselecturesareanattempttopresentthemwiththebasicandessentialideasofthequantummechanicsinawaythatwould,hopefully,becomprehensible.Theapproachyouwillfindhereisnovel,particularlyatthelevelofasophomorecourse,andwasconsideredverymuchanexperiment.Afterseeinghoweasilysomeofthestudentstaketoit,however,Ibelievethattheexperimentwasasuccess.Thereis,ofcourse,roomforimprovement,anditwillcomewithmoreexperienceintheclassroom.Whatyouwillfindhereisarecordofthatfirstexperiment..
Inthetwo-yearsequenceoftheFeynmanLecturesonPhysicswhichweregivenfromSeptember1961throughMay1963fortheintroductoryphysicscourseatCaltech,theconceptsofquantumphysicswerebroughtinwhenevertheywerenecessaryforanunderstandingofthephenomenabeingdescribed.Inaddition,thelasttwelvelecturesofthesecondyearweregivenovertoamorecoherentintroductiontosomeoftheconceptsofquantummechanics.Itbecameclearasthelecturesdrewtoaclose,however,thatnotenoughtimehadbeenleftforthequantummechanics.Asthematerialwasprepared,itwascontinuallydiscoveredthatotherimportantandinterestingtopicscouldbetreatedwiththeelementarytoolsthathadbeendeveloped.TherewasalsoafearthatthetoobrieftreatmentoftheSchrodingerwavefunctionwhichhadbeenincludedinthetwelfthlecturewouldnotprovideasufficientbridgetothemoreconventionaltreatmentsofmanybooksthestudentsmighthopetoread.Itwasthereforedecidedtoextendtheserieswithsevenadditionallectures;theyweregiventothesophomoreclassinMayof1964.Theselecturesroundedoutandextendedsomewhatthematerialdevelopedintheearlierlectures. 作者簡介 Feynman et al,Thees are the lectures in physics that I gave last year and the year before to the freshman and sophomore classes at Caltech.The lectures are,of course,not verbatim-they have been edited,sometimes extensively and sometimes lessso.The lecture
目 錄 CHAPTER1.QUANTUM BEHAVIOR.
CHAPTER2.THE RELATION OF WAVE AND PARTICLE VIEWPOINTS
CHAPTER3.PROBABILITY AMPLITUDES
CHAPTER4.IDENTICAL PARTICLES
CHAPTER5.SPI NONE
CHAPTER6.SPIN ONE-HtLF
CHAPTER7.THE DEPENDENCE OFAMPLITUDES ON TIME
CHAPTER8.THE HnMILTONIAN MATRIX
CHAPTER9.THE AMMONIA MASER
CHAPTER10.OTHER TwO-STATE SYSTEMS
CHAPTER11.MoPE TwO-STATE SYSTEMS
CHAPTER12.THE HYPERFINE SPLITTING IN HYDROGEN
CHAPTER13.PROPAGATION IN A CRYSTAL LATTICE
CHAPTER14.SEMICONDUCTORS
CHAPTER15.THE INDEPENDENT PARTICLE APPROXIMATION
CHAPTER16.THE DEPENDENCE OF AMPLITUDES ON POSITION
CHAPTER17.SYMMETRY AND CONSERVATION LAWS
CHAPTER18.ANGULAR MOMENTUM
CHAPTER19.THE HYDROGEN ATOM AND THE PERIODIC TABLE
CHAPTER20.OPERATORS
CHAPTER21.THE SCHRtDINGER EQUATION IN A CLASSICAL CONTEXT:A SEMINARONSUPERCONDUCTIVITY
FEYNMAN'SEPILOGUE
APPENDIX
INDEX
經典物理學前沿探索與現代視角 一部旨在拓展物理學視野,深入剖析經典理論精髓,並引入現代物理學最新進展的權威著作。 本書集結瞭多位在各自領域享有盛譽的物理學傢和教育傢的智慧結晶,旨在為本科生、研究生乃至專業研究人員提供一套全麵、深入且富有洞察力的物理學學習資源。它超越瞭傳統教材的範疇,不僅細緻梳理瞭自牛頓時代以來奠定現代物理學基礎的經典理論,更將其置於當代科學發現的宏大背景之下進行審視與探討。全書結構嚴謹,內容涵蓋麵極廣,力求在保持物理學嚴謹性的同時,激發讀者的探索熱情。 第一部分:力學與時空結構的新理解 (Mechanics and New Understandings of Spacetime) 本部分著重於對經典力學進行一次深刻的“返璞歸真”式的重構,並逐步導嚮對時空本質的現代認識。 1. 運動學的精細分析與高級坐標係的應用: 我們從對基礎運動學的迴顧開始,但迅速深入到更抽象和強大的數學工具。詳細闡述瞭拉格朗日(Lagrangian)和哈密頓(Hamiltonian)力學的建立過程,這不僅是解決復雜係統動力學問題的利器,更是通往量子力學和場論的必經之路。我們將詳盡分析變分原理在物理學中的普適性,以及如何利用正則變換(Canonical Transformations)來簡化復雜的哈密頓量。對於約束係統的處理,特彆是使用拉格朗日乘子法和推廣的約束條件,進行瞭細緻的幾何化描述。 2. 剛體動力學與歐拉角分解的深層意義: 剛體運動的分析被提升到三維鏇轉群(SO(3))的視角進行審視。歐拉角固然實用,但本書更強調其固有的奇異性(Gimbal Lock)及其對物理圖像的潛在誤導。我們引入瞭四元數(Quaternions)和鏇轉張量,用以提供更光滑、更一緻的鏇轉描述。慣性張量(Inertia Tensor)的特徵值和特徵嚮量的物理意義被深入挖掘,特彆是在描述進動(Precession)和章動(Nutation)等現象時,其內在的對稱性得到瞭充分體現。 3. 經典場論的萌芽:引力與相對性初探: 在經典力學的框架內,本書對牛頓萬有引力定律進行瞭係統的迴顧。然而,我們並未止步於此,而是著重探討瞭開普勒定律和牛頓定律在描述天體運動時所暴露齣的局限性,這自然地引齣瞭狹義相對論的必然性。狹義相對論的介紹將嚴格基於洛倫茲變換(Lorentz Transformations)的群論結構,而非僅僅是光速不變的假設。四維時空(Minkowski Spacetime)的幾何結構被清晰地構建齣來,包括世界綫、世界麵以及光錐的概念,這些概念是理解現代時空觀的基石。相對論動量和能量的結閤,以及質能等價性 $( ext{E}= ext{mc}^2)$ 的嚴格推導,都為後續的粒子物理學打下瞭堅實的基礎。 第二部分:電磁學:統一的場論與波的本質 (Electromagnetism: Unified Field Theory and the Nature of Waves) 本部分緻力於對麥剋斯韋方程組的徹底解析,強調其作為統一電磁現象的內在美感和邏輯完備性。 1. 靜電學與介質中的場: 從庫侖定律齣發,本書詳細分析瞭電勢和場強,並引入瞭泊鬆方程和拉普拉斯方程。在處理邊界值問題時,我們側重於使用分離變量法、格林函數法以及共形映射等高級數學技巧來求解復雜的幾何構型。對於介質中的靜電學,介電化極、電極化強度 $mathbf{P}$ 和電位移場 $mathbf{D}$ 的微觀起源被深入討論,強調瞭宏觀描述與微觀分子層麵的聯係。 2. 穩恒電流與磁場的精細結構: 畢奧-薩伐爾定律和安培環路定理被係統地推導和應用。重點關注瞭磁矢量勢 $mathbf{A}$ 的引入,這不僅簡化瞭磁場的計算,更在量子力學中扮演瞭至關重要的角色(Aharonov-Bohm效應的理論先驅)。對於磁介質,磁化強度 $mathbf{M}$ 和磁場強度 $mathbf{H}$ 的關係,以及抗磁性、順磁性和鐵磁性的物理機製被清晰闡述。 3. 麥剋斯韋方程組的完成與電磁波的預言: 本書的核心之一是對麥剋斯韋方程組的建立過程的細緻重構,特彆是引入安培定律中的“位移電流”項,這一天纔的洞察如何統一瞭電現象和磁現象,並預言瞭電磁波的存在。我們深入分析瞭自由空間中均勻平麵波的性質,包括波的相速度、群速度、能流密度(坡印亭矢量 $mathbf{S}$)的物理意義,以及電磁波的偏振態(綫偏振、圓偏振、橢圓偏振)的矢量錶示。 4. 電磁場與狹義相對論的必然聯係: 電磁場張量 $F_{mu
u}$ 的引入,是展示電磁學與狹義相對論內在統一性的最有力工具。本書清晰展示瞭洛倫茲變換如何將電場和磁場進行“混閤”,證明瞭電場和磁場並非獨立的概念,而是同一電磁場的不同觀察者視角下的錶現。通過相對論的框架,我們重新審視瞭磁場對運動電荷的作用力,並從基本原理上導齣瞭洛倫茲力定律。 第三部分:熱力學與統計物理學的橋梁 (Thermodynamics and the Bridge to Statistical Physics) 本部分旨在鞏固經典熱力學的基礎,並利用統計力學的方法,從微觀粒子的行為推導齣宏觀的熱力學定律。 1. 熱力學定律的嚴謹錶述與應用: 我們首先對熱力學三大定律(零定律、第一定律、第二定律)進行瞭嚴格的數學和邏輯構建。重點討論瞭熵(Entropy)的物理意義,並從卡諾循環、剋勞修斯不等式等角度對其不可逆性進行瞭深入論證。熱力學狀態函數(內能 $U$、焓 $H$、吉布斯自由能 $G$、亥姆霍茲自由能 $F$)之間的麥剋斯韋關係式的推導及其在化學平衡和相變分析中的應用被詳細介紹。 2. 統計力學的基石:係綜理論: 統計物理學的引入,通過構建微觀模型來解釋宏觀熱力學現象。詳細介紹瞭微正則係綜、正則係綜和巨正則係綜的構建原理。核心在於闡明概率分布(如玻爾茲曼分布)如何從微觀的統計假設中自然産生。我們嚴格推導瞭從配分函數(Partition Function)到所有宏觀熱力學量的關係,展示瞭統計力學作為連接微觀與宏觀世界的橋梁作用。 3. 理想氣體與分子動理論的深入: 分子動理論被用來解釋氣體宏觀性質的微觀根源。重點分析瞭分子速度的統計分布(麥剋斯韋-玻爾茲曼分布)及其對氣體壓強、內能和比熱的貢獻。氣體輸運現象(如擴散、熱傳導和粘滯性)的理論分析,將統計速率的概念與宏觀輸運係數聯係起來,展示瞭理論的解釋力和預測力。 4. 經典係統中的量子前兆 (Precursors to Quantum Systems): 在經典統計力學的範疇內,本書探討瞭黑體輻射(普朗剋對能量量子化的初步引入)、氣體比熱的低溫失效(愛因斯坦和德拜模型的對比)等曆史性問題。這些問題被用作論證經典統計力學在處理極端條件下的局限性,從而自然地為量子統計(費米-狄拉剋統計和玻色-愛因斯坦統計)的引入做好鋪墊,盡管這些內容在後續的量子力學捲中會得到更詳盡的處理,但在此處作為經典理論的終結,具有重要的曆史和邏輯意義。 全書風格嚴謹、邏輯清晰,力求在覆蓋核心知識點的同時,培養讀者進行抽象思維和理論建模的能力,為進一步探索現代物理學的廣闊天地奠定堅實的基礎。