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Professional English in Use Law contains 45 units covering a wide variety of legal vocabulary, Topics include corporate and commercial law, liability, real property law, employment law, information technology, contract law, and intellectual property. The book also introduces general legal vocabulary related to legal systems and legal professions, as well as the functional language lawyers need in their daily working lives.
Primarily designed as a self-study reference and practice book, Professional English in Use Law can also be used for classroom work and one-to-one lessons and is suitable for upper-intermediate to advanced students(B2-C1 ). Professional English in Use Law has been developed using authentic legal contexts, texts, and documents.
45 easy-to-use units: vocabulary items are presented and explained in context on left-hand pages with a range of practice exercises on right-hand pages.
A focus on key legal terms expands learners vocabulary and functional language gives learners the confidence and ability to use English in a legal environment.
Over to you sections allow learners to apply the vocabulary they have learned in the unit to their own law studies and working lives.
Includes a comprehensive, learner-friendly answer key and index.
Professional Enghsh in Use Law is an ideal companion for learners preparing for the new Cambridge International Legal English Certifi care (ILEC), covering key vocabulary and topics from the exam.
內容簡介
《劍橋法律英語》是一本專為在工作和學習中需要使用法律英語語句和詞匯且英文水平為中級或高級的讀者而寫。它可作為自學的輔導,也可作為課堂教學的教材。如果你準備參加“國際法律英語證書”(ILEC)考試,《劍橋法律英語》也是一本理想的備考用書。
《劍橋法律英語》共有45個單元,包含大量法律領域常用詞匯,內容涉及到公司法和商法、責任義務、房産法、雇傭法、信息技術、閤同法、知識産權等廣泛的法律主題。同時介紹瞭與法律係統、法律職業相關的一般性術語以及從業律師在日常工作中需要使用的功能性語言。整本書中學習與練習相結閤,強化瞭學生的學習效果,提高瞭他們使用法律知識的能力和自信心。
書後還附有練習答案及索引。
內頁插圖
目錄
THANKS AND
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INTRODUCTION
THE LEGAL SYSTEM
1 Legal systems
A The structure of the law
B The constitution
C Jurisdiction
2 Sources of law:legislation
A Background to making new law
B Early development of a Bill
C Passing an Act
3 Sources of law:common law
A Common law in the UK
B Law reports
4 The court system
A Civil courts
B Criminal courts
5 Criminal justice and criminal proceedings
A Criminal justice
B Categories of criminal offence
C Criminal court proceedings
6 Civil procedure
A Civil Procedure Rules
B Proceeding with a claim
7 Tribunals
A The status and range of tribunals
B Composition of tribunals and procedure
8 European Union law
A What is the EU?
B How does the EU impact on Member States?
LEGAL PROFESSIONALS
9 Solicitors
A Legal practitioners
B Training
C A partner in a law firm
10 Barristers
A Organisation
B Training and qualifications of practising barristers
11 Working lives
A A company commercial lawyer
B A legal secretary
12 Judges
A Judicial appointments in England and Wales
B The training of judges
C Civil courts: sentencing and court orders
13 A law firms structure and practice
A A law firms structure and practice
LEGAL PROFESSIONALS IN PRACTICE
14 Client care procedures
A Explaining client care procedures
15 Money laundering procedures
A Money laundering procedures
16 Client correspondence
A Client correspondence
B Standard phrases for starting and ending letters and emails
17 Explanations and clarification
A Explaining a procedure
B Approximating and comparing
C Rephrasing and clarifying Legalese
A Legal language
B Latin terms
C Older words and modem equivalents LAW IN PRACTICE
19 Business organisations
A Sole trader
B Partnerships
C Limited Companies
20 Formation of a company
A Incorporation
B Memorandum and Articles of Association
21 Raising capital by share sale
A Share capital
B Share value
C Rights attaching to shares
22 Debt financing: secured lending
A Granting security
B The terms of a charge
23 Company directors and company secretaries
A Qualifications and duties of a company director
B Qualifications and duties of a company secretary
24 Insolvency and winding up
A Insolvency
B Insolvency scenarios
25 Alternative dispute resolution
A Alternative dispute resolution
B ADR procedures
26 Corporation Tax
A Corporation Tax liability in the UK
B Word combinations with tax
27 Mergers and acquisitions
A Mergers and acquisitions
B Dealing disclosure requirements
28 Anti-competitive behaviour
A Competition law
B Competition inquiry
C Information gathering, hearings, and remedies
LIABILITY
29 Tort 1" personal injury claim
A Tort
B Client briefing notes - personal injury claims
30 Tort 2: clinical negligence
A Clinical negligence practice
CONTRACT
31 Forming a contract 1
A Basic principles
B Formation of a contract
32 Forming a contract 2
A Form of contract
B Void or voidable or unenforceable contracts
33 Structure of a commercial contract
A Structure of a commercial contract
34 Express and implied terms
A Express terms
B Implied terms
35 Exclusion, limitation and
standard clauses
A Exclusion and limitation clauses
B Standard clauses
36 Privity of contract,discharge, and remedies
A Privity of contract
B Discharge of contract
C Remedies for breach of contract
37 Standard terms in the sale and supply of goods
A Using standard terms
B Incorporating terms
38 Licensing agreements and computer programs
A Licences and software products
B Exclusion and limitation clauses
39 Commercial leases
A Interest in property
B Terms of a commercial lease
C Obtaining leasehold interest
40 Buying and selling commercial property
A Commercial conveyancing
B Sale by auction
C Sale by private treaty
41 Employment law
A Employment law
B Contract of employment
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
42 Copyright and patent
A Copyright
B Patent
43 Trade marks, domain names, and remedies for IP infringement
A Trade marks and domain names
B Remedies for IP infringement
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LAW
44 Information technology law and cybercrime
A Computer security
B Cybercrime
e Data protection
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
45 Environmental law
A International environmental law
B National environmental law
C Application of environmental law
Answer key
Index
精彩書摘
Sole trader
Jamie Anderson, a partner in the commercial department of a law firm, is commenting on the choices for different trading vehicles for business.
‘A client wanting to operate a business for profit might select from a number of different trading entities. Each has different legal characteristics and is subject to different rules and regulations. The simplest and commonest form of business structure is a sole trader. This generally suits a relatively small enterprise, such as an independent software developer, a hairdresser, or a small shop. Its headed by a single individual and it differs from a company in that the ownership and management is usually vested in the same person, who is personally responsible for all the debts of the business, and may thus risk becoming bankrupt. Finances are confidential and formalities are few, aside from Value Added Tax, or VAT, regulations. Partnerships
‘A common form of structure for certain kinds of business, for example accountants, solicitors, and architects, is a partnership. This needs to have at least two members and normally a maximum of twenty. There is an exemption on size for some types of firm, such as solicitors and accountants. All the partners may be joindy and severally liable for all the debts of the business. The relationship between the partners is usually drafted in the Partnership Agreement. This can set out the duration of the partnership, its name and business, how profits, losses, and running costs are to be shared, how much capital each partner is to contribute, what rules will apply to the capital, what grounds will lead to a partner being expelled from the company, what restrictions are imposed on partners, and so on. Its also possible to have a Limited Liability Partnership, or LLP, which has a legal identity separate from its members. In this sense it resembles a limited company (see text C). Its possible for all the partners except one, known as the general partner, to be a limited partner. A sleeping partner may have a share in the business but doesnt work in it. An individual is therefore able to invest capital in an LLP without risking any further liability. LLPs must be registered with the Registrar of Companies. Limited Companies
A Private Limited Company (Ltd) is a separate legal entity which can sue, and be sued, in its own right. The Company is identified by its registered number, which will remain the same irrespective of any changes of name. A business can start life as a limited company and this may be particularly appropriate where high-risk projects are involved. In some instances, directors will be asked to guarantee the obligations of a company, for example by giving security over personal assets to guarantee company borrowing. This is particularly common in the case of new companies who are not able to demonstrate a history of profitable trading. A Public Limited Company, or PLC, is differentiated from a Private Limited Company in that the shares can be sold to the general public via the stock market to raise share capital. Its mandatory for a PLC to have at least two shareholders, two directors, and a professionally qualified Company Secretary. The minimum anthorised share capital is 50,000 and 25% must be paid up. Before the company can trade or borrow money, a Trading Certificate has to be obtained from the Registrar of Companies (see Unit 20).
前言/序言
好的,這是一本名為《劍橋法律英語 [Professional English in Use Law]》的圖書的簡介,內容詳實,但不包含該書的實際內容,旨在介紹其他相關的或具有相似主題的法律英語學習資源,或者構建一個背景介紹,以滿足您的要求。 --- 《國際商業與貿易法律實踐指南》 導言:全球化背景下的法律實務挑戰 隨著全球經濟一體化的深入推進,國際貿易和商業活動日益頻繁,隨之而來的法律問題也愈發復雜。跨國閤同的起草與談判、國際投資的法律風險管理、以及涉及知識産權和跨境爭端的解決,都要求從業者具備紮實的法律知識和高超的專業英語溝通能力。本書旨在為法律專業人士、商科學生以及希望進入國際法律服務領域的專業人士,提供一個全麵而深入的視角,探討在當代國際商業環境中,如何有效運用法律英語來駕馭復雜的法律實務。 第一部分:國際商事閤同的構建與審查 本書的第一部分聚焦於國際商業閤同的核心要素。在全球化交易中,閤同不僅僅是雙方意圖的記錄,更是風險分配和爭議解決的基石。我們將詳細解析國際閤同中常用的法律術語和錶述,例如“Representations and Warranties”(陳述與保證)、“Indemnification”(賠償)、“Force Majeure”(不可抗力)等條款的精確含義及其在不同司法管轄區下的潛在差異。 1.1 關鍵條款的精細解讀 本章深入剖析瞭閤同中的關鍵驅動條款。我們將探討如何準確使用英語來界定“Scope of Work”(工作範圍)、“Deliverables”(交付成果)以及“Acceptance Criteria”(驗收標準)。特彆關注在跨境並購(M&A)交易中,對“Material Adverse Change”(重大不利變更)和“Material Breach”(重大違約)等概念的準確錶達與界定。 1.2 談判策略與語言運用 在多輪國際商務談判中,語言的精確性與策略性至關重要。本書將模擬真實的談判場景,教授如何使用禮貌而堅定的語氣來提齣條件、迴應異議,並達成互利的協議。重點介紹如何構建“Sufficient Certainty”(充分確定性)的閤同語言,以避免未來産生歧義。 第二部分:國際投資與監管閤規 隨著資本的跨國流動,理解不同國傢和地區的投資法律框架變得尤為重要。本書的第二部分將涵蓋國際直接投資(FDI)的法律結構、外匯管製以及反腐敗閤規等前沿議題。 2.1 投資協定與主權風險 分析雙邊投資協定(BITs)中的核心保護條款,如“Fair and Equitable Treatment”(公平公正待遇)和“Expropriation”(徵收)。通過案例分析,展示如何用法律英語闡述和論證在國際投資爭端中可能麵臨的主權風險。 2.2 全球反腐敗法規與閤規實踐 本章重點解析美國《反海外腐敗法》(FCPA)和英國《反賄賂法》(UK Bribery Act)等主要法規的法律要求。內容包括如何設計和實施有效的“Compliance Programs”(閤規計劃),以及在起草閤規條款時應注意的語言陷阱,確保公司在不同文化背景下的運營都能符閤國際最高標準。 第三部分:知識産權與技術轉讓的法律前沿 在數字經濟時代,知識産權的保護與技術轉讓成為商業競爭的核心。本書第三部分提供瞭與此相關的法律英語實務指南。 3.1 專利、商標與版權的國際保護 詳細闡述在涉及跨國許可協議(Licensing Agreements)時,如何使用精確的法律術語來界定“Infringement”(侵權)、“Exhaustion of Rights”(權利窮竭)以及“Territorial Restrictions”(地域限製)。本部分尤其關注如何清晰界定“Field of Use”(使用領域)的範圍。 3.2 技術秘密與保密義務 探討“Trade Secrets”(商業秘密)的法律界定及其在不同法域下的保護力度差異。重點分析“Non-Disclosure Agreements”(保密協議)中的關鍵要素,包括“Confidential Information”(機密信息)的定義範圍,以及“Remedies for Breach”(違約救濟措施)的法律效力。 第四部分:國際爭議解決與仲裁程序 當商業衝突不可避免時,有效的爭議解決機製和熟練的仲裁程序溝通能力是解決問題的關鍵。 4.1 仲裁條款的有效起草 深入研究國際商會(ICC)、香港國際仲裁中心(HKIAC)等主流仲裁機構的仲裁規則。本章指導讀者如何起草具有約束力和可執行性的“Arbitration Clauses”(仲裁條款),明確“Seat of Arbitration”(仲裁地)和“Governing Law”(準據法)的選擇。 4.2 仲裁庭的程序性溝通 本部分模擬瞭仲裁過程中的關鍵環節,包括“Statement of Claim”(申訴狀)、“Statement of Defense”(抗辯狀)的撰寫,以及在庭審過程中如何對證人進行“Cross-Examination”(交叉詢問)。強調在正式法律文件中保持清晰、客觀和具有說服力的法律英語錶達風格。 結語:麵嚮未來的法律實踐者 本書的最終目標是幫助讀者超越基礎的法律英語詞匯學習,達到能夠自如運用法律語言進行復雜法律分析、有效風險管理和高質量溝通的職業水平。通過對實際案例和行業慣例的深度剖析,讀者將能夠自信地在全球商業舞颱上扮演關鍵的法律角色。 目標讀者群: 國際律師、企業法務主管、涉外貿易管理人員、法律與國際關係專業高年級學生。 ---