結構啓動及第二語言語法構式學習:以中國學習者産齣英語雙及物構式為例

結構啓動及第二語言語法構式學習:以中國學習者産齣英語雙及物構式為例 pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2025

王敏 著
圖書標籤:
  • 結構啓動
  • 第二語言習得
  • 語法構式
  • 英語語法
  • 雙及物構式
  • 中國學習者
  • 産齣研究
  • 語料庫語言學
  • 認知語言學
  • 應用語言學
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齣版社: 科學齣版社
ISBN:9787030368454
版次:1
商品編碼:11615969
包裝:平裝
開本:16開
齣版時間:2015-02-01
用紙:膠版紙
頁數:324

具體描述

內容簡介

  This book aims to investigate structural priming in L2 learners with a focus on Chinese College-level EFL(English as a Foreign Language)learners’ production of English dative constructions.Specifically,it is intended to address three issues: 1)whether structural priming occurs in L2 production; 2)whether L2 structural priming has a long-term effect and consequently affects the pattern of subsequent production of syntactic constructions; and 3)whether and to what extent the short-term and the long-term effect of L2 structural priming are mediated by linguistic and psycholinguistic factors.The overarching goal of the present study is to explore whether and under what conditions structural priming has a role to play in L2 learning of grammar constructions,thereby enriching our understanding of the psycholinguistic process involved in L2 learning.For this purpose,four empirical st udies were conduct ed.
  Experiments 1 and 2 were designed to probe the short-term effect of structural priming,that is,whether structural priming occurs when the prime sentence immediately precedes the target sentence.One hundred and thirty-two Chinese EFL learners who represented two English proficiency levels(intermediate vs.advanced)participated in the experiments,72 for Experiment 1 and 60 for Experiment 2.Experiment 1 employed a written sentence completion task whereas Experiment 2 a spoken picture description task.The results show that structural priming did occur with both the prepositional dative(PD)and the double object dative(DO)constructions,and that the L2 learners,regardless of their language proficiency,were more likely to reuse a particular construction(PD/DO)in the target responses if it had been previously produced in the prime sentences.Moreover,the magnitude of structural priming was found to be modulated by L2 proficiency.The advanced learners exhibited stronger priming effects for the DO construction than their intermediate counterparts.However,no evidence was obtained for the proficiency effect on the priming of the PD construction.Furthermore,the priming effects gave rise to between-verb variations.That is,verbs which are more strongly associated with a construction were more likely to be primed into the construction and resist the priming of the alternative construction.In addition,the results derived from Experiment 1 were basically consistent with those from Experiment 2,in spite of the employment of different tasks in the two experiments.This suggests that syntactic priming in L2 production is robust and reliable rather than task-specific.Of interest is that,compared with the sentence completion task,the priming effects in the picture description task were stronger.
  Experiments 3 and 4 investigated the long-term effect of structural priming in L2 production by means of written sentence completion tasks.In the first part of each experiment,learners’ experience of producing the PD and DO constructions was manipulated in ways that enabled them to produce a particular proportion of PD and DO constructions.Then the learners were given the opportunity to produce either the PD or DO construction without being provided with further primes.The experiments yielded four major findings.Firstly,syntactic priming in L2 production has produced a long-term effect.The L2 learners’ experience of producing the DO construction earlier in the experiment increased the rates at which the construction was produced later in the experiment compared with the baseline condition.Nevertheless,there is a lack of evidence for the long-term priming effect on the production of the PD construction.Secondly,the long-term priming effect is modulated by the relative frequency with which each construction is produced earlier in the experiment.It turned out that the experience strongly skewed towards the DO construction significantly increased the likelihood of producing the construction and at the same time suppressed the production of the competing PD construction.Thirdly,the frequency effect on the subsequent production of the dative constructions persists even across the changing tasks.Finally,the long-term effect is insusceptible to the temporary distribution of the tokens of each construction within the experiment.
  The findings of the present study have empirically verified the occurrence of structural priming in L2 production and confirmed its potentially beneficial role in L2 learning of grammar constructions.More generally,the findings suggest that the implicit learning from usage accentuated by the usage-based theories is also operative in L2 acquisition.

目錄

Contents

前言
Abstract
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Research Orientation
1.2 Structural Priming:The Target of Research
1.3 Rationale
1.3.1 Theoretical Values
1.3.2 Pedagogical and Methodological Values
1.4 Key Research Questions
1.5 Structure of the Book
Chapter 2 L2 Learning of Grammar Constructions:A Usagebased Perspective
2.1 Defining the Usage-based ModelContents

前言
Abstract
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Research Orientation
1.2 Structural Priming:The Target of Research
1.3 Rationale
1.3.1 Theoretical Values
1.3.2 Pedagogical and Methodological Values
1.4 Key Research Questions
1.5 Structure of the Book
Chapter 2 L2 Learning of Grammar Constructions:A Usagebased Perspective
2.1 Defining the Usage-based Model
2.2 Constructions
2.2.1 What Is Construction
2.2.2 Construction as a Prototype Category
2.2.3 Schematization and Entrenchment
2.2.4 Type Frequency vs. Token Frequency
2.3 The Usage-based Perspe+ctive of Construction Learning
2.3.1 Associative Learning Mechanisms
2.3.2 The Connectionist Models
2.3.3 L1 Acquisition vis-à-vis L2 Acquisition
2.4 Problems with the Usage-based Perspective of SLA
2.5 Summary
Chapter 3 Syntactic Priming and Language Learning
3.1 An Overview of Syntactic Priming
3.1.1 Representational Underpinning of Syntactic Priming
3.1.2 Techniques in Syntactic Priming Research
3.2 Mechanisms of Syntactic Priming
3.2.1 The Activation Account
3.2.2 Syntactic Priming as a Form of Implicit Learning
3.2.3 Strengthening of Message-to-syntax Mappings
3.3 Constraints on Syntactic Priming Effects
3.3.1 Constraints on Short-term Effects
3.3.2 Constraints on Long-term Effects
3.4 Application of Syntactic Priming to Language Acquisition
3.4.1 Syntactic Priming in Children
3.4.2 Syntactic Priming in L2 Learners
3.5 Summary
Chapter 4 Exploring Syntactic Priming in L2 Production:Issues and Predictions
4.1 Target Structure of the Study:English Dative Constructions
4.1.1 A Sketch of English Dative Constructions
4.1.2 Constraints on Dative Alternation
4.1.3 Interaction between Verbs and Constructions
4.1.4 A Contrastive Analysis of English and Chinese Dative Constructions
4.1.5 Empirical SLA Studies on Dative Alternation
4.2 Synthesizing Syntactic Priming with L2 Learning of Grammar Constructions
4.3 Issues and Predictions Concerning Syntactic Priming in L2 Production
4.3.1 Possibility of the Occurrence of Syntactic Priming in L2 Production
4.3.2 Factors Constraining the Short-term Effect of Syntactic Priming
4.4 Persistence of Syntactic Priming in L2 Production
4.4.1 The Long-term Effect of Syntactic Priming
4.4.2 Factors Affecting the Long-term Effect
4.5 Research Questions and Hypotheses
4.6 Summary
Chapter 5 Syntactic Priming in L2 Learners
5.1 Experiment 1
5.1.1 Method
5.1.2 Results and Discussion
5.2 Experiment 2
5.2.1 Method
5.2.2 Results and Discussion
5.2.3 An Omnibus Analysis of Experiments 1 and 2
5.3 Experiment 3
5.3.1 Method
5.3.2 Results and Discussion
5.4 Experiment 4
5.4.1 Method
5.4.2 Results and Discussion
5.5 Summary
Chapter 6 General Discussion and Conclusions
6.1 Characterizing Syntactic Priming in L2 Production
6.1.1 Short-term Effect of Syntactic Priming
6.1.2 Influences on the Short-term Effect
6.1.3 The Long-term Effect of Syntactic Priming
6.2 Conclusions
6.2.1 A Recapitulation of Major Findings
6.2.2 Implications for L2 Pedagogy
6.2.3 Limitations of the Current Study and Directions for Further Research
References
Appendix 1 Stimuli Used in Experiment 1
Appendix 2 Primes Used in Experiment 2
Appendix 3 Samples of the Pictures Used in Experiment 2
Appendix 4 Stimuli Used in Experiments 3 and 4
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Linguistic Constructions in the Complexity/Schematicity Continuum―Adapted from Roehr(2005)
Figure 5.1 Production of Targets by Prime
Figure 5.2 Interaction between Prime Type and Target for the Intermediate Group
Figure 5.3 Interaction between Prime Type and Target for the Advanced Group
Figure 5.4 Production of DO Target by Verb in the Baseline
Figure 5.5 Production of DO Targets in Each Prime Condition by Verb(for Intermediates)
Figure 5.6 Production of DO Targets in Each Prime Condition by Verb(for Advanced Learners)
Figure 5.7 The Sequence of the Events in the Picture Description Task
Figure 5.8 Production of Targets by Prime Type
Figure 5.9 Interaction as a Function of Prime Type* Target for the Intermediate Group
Figure 5.10 Interaction as a Function of Prime Type* Target for the Advanced Group
Figure 5.11 Interaction of Prime Type by Proficiency Level on the Production of DO Target
Figure 5.12 Interaction of Prime Type by Proficiency Level on the Production of PD Target
Figure 5.13 Production of DO Target as a Function of Prime Type* Task
Figure 5.14 Production of PD Target as a Function of Prime Type* Task
Figure 5.15 Production of Targets in the Priming Phase by Exposure Condition
Figure 5.16 Production of Targets by Production Phase
List of Tables
Table 2.1 English Argument Structure Constructions
Table 3.1 Summary of L2 Syntactic priming Studies Targeting Dative Constructions
Table 4.1 Examples of Force-dynamic Relation
Table 4.2 Classification of Verbs according to the Semantic Compatibility
Table 4.3 Collexemes Distinguishing between the Ditransitive and the To-dative
Table 4.4 Test Verbs of the Present Study
Table 5.1 Grouping of Participants Based on Years of L2 English Learning and Scores on English Proficiency Test
Table 5.2 Frequencies of Occurrence of Responses in the Prime Conditions
Table 5.3 Mean Proportions of Targets by Prime* Proficiency Level
Table 5.4 Results of the Mixed Repeated Measures MANOVA
Table 5.5 Pairwise Comparisons of the Mean Proportions of Targets by Prime Type
Table 5.6 Effect of Prime Type* Proficiency Level on the Production of DO and PD Targets
Table 5.7 Pairwise Comparisons of the Means of Targets by Prime Type* Proficiency Level
Table 5.8 Pairwise Comparisons of Relative Proportions of Targets by Prime Type
Table 5.9 Pairwise Comparisons of the Means of Targets as a Function of Proficiency Level
Table 5.10 Pairwise Comparisons of OT Targets between the Prime Conditions
Table 5.11 Production of Targets by Verb in the Baseline Condition
Table 5.12 Exemplification of the Null Hypothesis H0
Table 5.13 Observed vs. Expected Frequencies for Verbs as a Function of Prime Type
Table 5.14 Grouping of Participants Based on Years of L2 English Learning and Scores on English Proficiency Test
Table 5.15 Frequencies of Each Type of Responses by Prime Condition* Proficiency Level
Table 5.16 Production of Targets as a Function of Prime Type* Proficiency Level
Table 5.17 Results of the Mixed Repeated Measures ANOVA
Table 5.18 Pairwise Comparisons of the Mean Proportions of Targets by Prime Type
Table 5.19 Pairwise Comparisons of Relative Proportions of Targets by Prime Type
Table 5.20 Summary of Results for an Omnibus Analysis of Experiments 1 and 2
Table 5.21 Design Structure for Experiment 3
Table 5.22 Raw Frequencies of Targets of Each Category
Table 5.23 Means of Targets as a Function of Production Phase* Exposure Condition
Table 5.24 Pairwise Comparisons of Targets by Production Phase
Table 5.25 Results of the MONOVA Test on the Production of PD and DO Targets in the Priming Phase as a Function of Exposure Condition
Table 5.26 Post hoc Tests of the Effect of Exposure Condition(Tukey)on the Production of PD and DO Targets in the Priming Phase
Table 5.27 Pairwise Comparisons of the Means of PD and DO Targets in Each Exposure Condition
Table 5.28 Production of Targets as a Function of Exposure Condition* Production Phase
Table 5.29 Results of the MANOVA Test on the Production of DO and PD Targets as a Function of Exposure Condition
Table 6.1 Production of DO Targets Following DO Primes by Trials

精彩書摘

  《結構啓動及第二語言語法構式學習:以中國學習者産齣英語雙及物構式為例》:
  Sentence recall tasks (Potter & Lombardi, 1998) are preferred when the priming research is on the structures that are difficult to elicit through picture description or sentence completion (e.g., Chang et al., 2003; Fox Tree & Meijer, 1999; Griffin & Weinstein-Tull, 2003; Lombardi & Potter, 1992; Potter & Lombardi, 1990, 1998).In the technique, partiapants silently read a sentence on the computer screen which is presented one word at a time.Subsequently they perform a distracter task and repeat the original sentence aloud.Given the difficulty associated with remembering the surface structure, the high speed of presentation and the intervening distracter task, participants often change the structure of the sentence when they recall it.So the condihons of the task are manipulated so as to determine what factors lead participants to incorrectly recall or paraphrase the target constructions.A detailed description of the technique is referred to Potter & Lombardi (1998).
  The novel confederate scripting distinguishes itself from other techniques in that it explores syntactic priming in dyadic interaction rather than targets individual speakers (e.g., Branigan, Pickering & Cleland, 2000; Hartsuiker et al., 2004; McDonough, 2006).The technique was invented by Branigan and colleagues to investigate whether speakers tend to produce the syntactic form which they just heard their interlocutors use, that is, whether speakers also CO-ordinate syntactic structure in dialogue.
  ……

前言/序言


結構啓動與第二語言語法習得:一場認知與語料的雙重探索 語言,特彆是第二語言的習得,一直是語言學、心理學以及教育學領域經久不衰的研究熱點。我們如何從零開始,逐步構建起對一門新語言的理解和運用能力?尤其是那些看似復雜、變幻莫測的語法結構,它們是如何在大腦中紮根,又如何在實際的語言産齣中被靈活調用?本書的研究正是在這一深邃的領域中,聚焦於一個極具代錶性的語言現象——雙及物構式(Ditransitive Construction),並以此為切入點,深入剖析第二語言學習者,特彆是中國學習者,在英語雙及物構式學習過程中所經曆的結構啓動(Structural Priming)現象。 雙及物構式,顧名思義,是指那些能夠接納兩個賓語的動詞所構成的句式,例如“She gave him a book”(她給瞭他一本書)。在這個結構中,“him”是間接賓語,“a book”是直接賓語。這一構式在英語中極為普遍,但也存在著一定的規則和變體,例如可以使用介詞短語來替代直接賓語前的動詞:“She gave a book to him”。掌握並靈活運用雙及物構式,對於第二語言學習者來說,是實現語言能力飛躍的關鍵一步。然而,這一過程並非坦途,學習者往往會麵臨各種挑戰,例如構式選擇的睏難、語序的混淆、以及對某些動詞搭配的模糊認識。 本書的研究,正是要揭示在學習者大腦中,結構啓動這一心理語言學現象是如何在雙及物構式的習得過程中發揮作用的。結構啓動,指的是在個體接觸或加工過某一特定語法結構後,在不久的將來,該個體在生成或理解語言時,會更有可能再次使用或理解類似結構的傾嚮。這一現象,如同在學習者的思維中播下瞭一顆“結構種子”,一旦被激活,便會引導其語言産齣朝著已激活的結構方嚮“生長”。 我們之所以選擇中國學習者作為研究對象,是基於以下幾方麵的考量: 首先,中國學習者在英語學習中,麵臨著顯著的語言類型學差異。漢語作為一門典型的分析語,其語法結構與英語(一門更為綜閤語)存在顯著差異。例如,漢語的雙及物動詞在構式錶達上與英語不盡相同,這可能導緻中國學習者在遷移母語知識時産生乾擾。其次,中國龐大的英語學習者群體,其學習經驗和策略的多樣性,為研究提供瞭豐富的樣本。最後,對中國學習者進行深入研究,不僅有助於理解這一特定群體在雙及物構式學習中的挑戰與優勢,更能為其他語言背景的學習者提供藉鑒,並推動第二語言教學策略的優化。 本書的研究,將認知機製與語料分析相結閤,力求從理論和實證兩個層麵,全麵展現結構啓動在第二語言語法構式學習中的作用。 在認知機製層麵,我們將探討結構啓動的理論基礎。我們不會局限於對結構啓動現象的簡單描述,而是將深入分析其可能存在的認知過程。例如,結構啓動是否與工作記憶的激活、語義網絡的連接、或是語言知識的錶徵方式有關?不同的研究模型,如激活-輸齣模型(Activation-Output Model)、構式語法框架(Construction Grammar Framework)等,將為我們理解學習者大腦中結構啓動的運作提供理論支撐。我們還將考察不同類型的結構啓動,例如,單純的句法結構重復(Syntactic Priming)是否與更深層次的構式激活(Lexical-Conceptual Structure Priming)有所不同?例如,在接觸瞭“V NP1 NP2”的句式後,學習者是否更容易産齣其他具有相似語義特徵的動詞(如give, send, tell)所構成的雙及物句,還是僅僅是傾嚮於重復使用“give”這個動詞?這些都是我們將在認知層麵深入探討的問題。 在語料分析層麵,我們將構建和分析大規模的中國學習者英語語料庫。這些語料庫將包含學習者在不同學習階段、不同語境下的語言産齣。通過對這些語料進行細緻的標注和統計分析,我們將捕捉到結構啓動的實際錶現。例如: 結構重復的頻率與類型: 我們將分析學習者在特定練習或交際任務中,對雙及物構式的重復使用情況。例如,在教授瞭“give NP NP”結構後,是否會觀察到學習者在接下來的寫作或口語錶達中,更多地使用該結構,而非其他變體? 構式轉換的模式: 雙及物構式存在著幾種主要的構式轉換,例如,主動語態和被動語態之間的轉換,以及介詞短語構式(如“give a book to him”)和直接賓語構式(如“give him a book”)之間的轉換。我們將分析學習者在何種條件下,會傾嚮於使用哪種構式,以及結構啓動是否能夠引導學習者進行有效的構式轉換。 詞匯與構式的互動: 許多雙及物動詞具有特定的語義特徵,並傾嚮於與特定的構式搭配。我們將考察結構啓動是否能夠影響學習者對這些詞匯-構式關聯的習得。例如,在接觸瞭“teach NP NP”之後,學習者是否更傾嚮於將“teach”這個動詞用於雙及物語境? 錯誤模式的分析: 通過分析學習者在使用雙及物構式時齣現的錯誤,我們可以反推齣其學習過程中可能存在的認知睏難。結構啓動的缺失或過度激活,都可能導緻特定的錯誤模式。例如,某些特定類型的構式混淆,可能源於學習者對不同雙及物動詞背後語義框架的區分能力不足,而結構啓動的引導又可能強化瞭錯誤的聯結。 語料庫與實驗的結閤: 我們將采用多種方法來收集和分析語料。除瞭大規模的真實語料庫分析,我們還將設計並實施一係列實驗。這些實驗將直接檢驗結構啓動的效應。例如,我們將采用誘發性結構啓動實驗(Induced Structural Priming Experiments),在實驗中,被試(中國學習者)會先接觸經過精心設計的“觸發”語句,這些語句預設瞭特定的雙及物構式。隨後,我們會在接下來的語言産齣任務(如句子填空、句子生成、圖片描述等)中,觀察被試對該預設構式的偏好程度。通過控製觸發語句的類型、構式變體、以及被試的語言水平,我們可以更精確地量化結構啓動的強度和特點。 縱嚮研究的可能性: 如果語料允許,我們還將考慮進行縱嚮研究,追蹤同一批學習者在不同學習階段的語言産齣,觀察結構啓動效應如何隨著學習的深入而演變。 本書的研究設計將嚴謹而係統,力求通過多角度、多層次的分析,為理解第二語言雙及物構式習得提供堅實的理論和實證基礎。具體而言,我們的研究將涵蓋以下幾個關鍵方麵: 一、雙及物構式的類型學與習得難度分析: 我們將首先對英語雙及物構式進行詳盡的梳理,區分其主要的類型(例如,直接給予類、告知類、教學類等),並分析不同類型構式在語義、句法上的特點。基於現有語言學理論,我們會初步探討這些構式可能存在的習得難度,並結閤中國學習者的母語背景,預測可能齣現的特定挑戰。 二、結構啓動理論在第二語言習得中的應用: 我們將迴顧結構啓動相關的經典研究,並將其理論框架應用於第二語言學習情境。重點分析結構啓動如何作用於學習者已有的語言知識,如何影響其對新語法結構的接收、內化與産齣。我們將探討結構啓動的“激活”和“固化”機製,以及它如何幫助學習者剋服語言類型學差異帶來的障礙。 三、中國學習者英語雙及物構式語料庫的構建與標注: 我們將精心設計語料庫的收集方案,力求包含不同學習者群體(如初學者、中級學習者、高級學習者)以及不同類型的語言産齣(如寫作、口語、課堂練習等)。語料的標注將涉及句法結構、構式類型、詞匯選擇、錯誤類型等多個層麵,為後續的定量分析奠定基礎。 四、量化分析與統計檢驗: 通過對語料庫進行大規模的統計分析,我們將量化結構啓動在不同類型雙及物構式上的錶現。我們將運用先進的統計方法,檢驗結構啓動的顯著性,並分析影響結構啓動強度的潛在因素,例如,學習者的語言水平、語境因素、激活構式的類型等。 五、實驗研究的設計與實施: 我們將設計並實施一係列控製實驗,以直接驗證結構啓動在雙及物構式學習中的作用。實驗設計將嚴格控製變量,例如,通過“觸發”語句來誘導學習者對特定構式的偏好,並通過後續的語言産齣任務來測量這種偏好。實驗結果將為語料分析提供補充和印證。 六、錯誤分析與認知推斷: 我們將對學習者在使用雙及物構式時齣現的錯誤進行細緻分類和分析,並嘗試從認知心理學的角度,推斷這些錯誤産生的原因。我們將探討結構啓動的缺失、誤導或過度激活如何導緻特定的錯誤模式,並從中反思學習者的認知過程。 七、教學啓示與未來展望: 基於研究結果,我們將提齣針對中國學習者英語雙及物構式習得的教學啓示。這可能包括如何利用結構啓動原理優化教學策略,如何設計更有效的練習活動,以及如何幫助學習者更好地區分和掌握不同雙及物構式。同時,我們也將對未來在這一領域的研究方嚮進行展望,例如,跨語言比較研究、神經語言學方法在結構啓動研究中的應用等。 本書的研究,不僅是對結構啓動這一重要認知現象在第二語言習得中的一次深入探索,更是對中國學習者英語語法構式學習過程的一次細緻解剖。我們相信,通過認知機製的剖析和語料分析的實證,本書將為第二語言習得研究領域提供新的視角和寶貴的洞見,為英語教學實踐帶來有益的指導。這是一次關於大腦如何學習語言、語言結構如何在大腦中生根發芽的認知之旅,也是一場對真實語言産齣現象的細緻觀察與深刻解讀。我們期望,本書的研究成果能夠為廣大學術界同仁、語言教育工作者、以及所有對第二語言習得感興趣的讀者,帶來新的啓發和思考。

用戶評價

評分

這本書的選題角度非常新穎,聚焦於結構啓動(Structural Priming)這一語言習得中的關鍵現象,並將其與第二語言學習者的語法習得,特彆是雙及物構式(Ditransitive Construction)的學習聯係起來,視角很獨特。我原本以為這類理論性很強的著作會過於晦澀難懂,但閱讀過程中發現作者在理論闡述和實證研究之間找到瞭一個很好的平衡點。書中對結構啓動機製的介紹清晰明瞭,幫助我理解語言輸入是如何潛移默化地影響學習者未來産齣的。特彆是針對中國學習者這一特定群體,作者深入分析瞭他們在使用英語雙及物構式時可能遇到的睏難,並結閤中國母語的語法特點進行瞭對比分析,這使得研究結論更具針對性和實用價值。對於我這樣長期關注二語習得,尤其是語法發展路徑的研究者來說,這本書無疑提供瞭一個紮實的理論框架和豐富的實證數據支撐,讓我對“語言學習不僅僅是規則記憶”有瞭更深刻的體會。作者對實驗設計的嚴謹性描述,以及對結果統計分析的細緻呈現,都體現瞭極高的學術水準,讓人不得不佩服其紮實的功底。

評分

這本書的結構安排非常巧妙,從宏觀的理論背景鋪陳,到微觀的實證數據挖掘,再到最終的教學啓示總結,層層遞進,邏輯性極強。作為一名長期關注語言教學效果的研究者,我特彆關注書中關於“短期高強度輸入能否有效抵消長期母語乾擾”的探討。作者通過對中國學習者口語和筆語樣本的對比分析,有力地論證瞭結構啓動在不同産齣模式下的差異化錶現。特彆是關於“非直接經驗的結構啓動能力”的論述,拓寬瞭我們對語言習得情境的界定。這本書的價值在於,它提供瞭一個嚴謹的工具箱,幫助我們量化和評估教學乾預的實際效果,而不僅僅是停留在主觀感受層麵。對於渴望將實證研究成果轉化為有效教學策略的教育工作者來說,這本書無異於一份詳盡的路綫圖,它告訴我們如何科學地設計語言教學材料,以最大化地利用學習者已有的語言知識結構,促進新結構的習得。

評分

閱讀完這本書,我仿佛經曆瞭一次關於二語語法習得的“認知革命”。過去我總是習慣於從錯誤分析的角度去審視學習者的問題,但這本書通過“結構啓動”這一前沿視角,將焦點從“錯誤”轉嚮瞭“傾嚮性”和“潛在能力”。作者對“雙及物構式”這一在英語中高頻但對非母語者構成挑戰的結構所下的功夫尤為令人印象深刻。書中對不同句法結構(如主動語態和被動語態)的啓動效果差異的對比分析,為理解學習者在不同語境下對句法框架的選擇偏好提供瞭堅實的經驗基礎。更讓我感到驚喜的是,作者在結論部分對未來研究方嚮的展望,顯示齣對該領域發展的高度敏感性和前瞻性。這本書不僅僅是總結瞭既有研究,更像是為後續的研究鋪設瞭一條清晰的跑道,激發瞭我對如何將結構啓動理論應用於其他復雜語法結構學習的興趣。

評分

這本書的深度和廣度都超齣瞭我的預期。它不僅停留在描述“中國學習者會犯什麼錯誤”,更深層次地挖掘瞭“為什麼會這樣錯誤”以及“如何更有效地引導他們擺脫錯誤定式”。關於雙及物構式,書中詳盡地剖析瞭英語中“施事-受事-賓語”的結構特點與漢語中相關錶達習慣的差異,這種跨語言視角的引入極大地豐富瞭對學習者認知過程的理解。在處理“時間/頻率”對結構啓動影響的章節裏,作者展現瞭極高的計量和分析能力,通過細緻入微的數據爬梳,揭示瞭許多肉眼難以察覺的語言習得規律。我個人認為,這本書對於那些希望從事實證語言研究的學生而言,是一本絕佳的範本,它清晰地展示瞭如何將一個宏大的理論概念(結構啓動)拆解成可操作的實驗變量,並最終得齣具有解釋力的結論。它不是一本輕鬆讀物,但絕對是值得反復研讀的寶藏。

評分

這本書的語言風格和論證邏輯非常引人入勝,它不像很多學術著作那樣乾巴巴地堆砌術語,而是充滿瞭探索的熱情。作者在探討“結構啓動的持續性與強度”時,穿插瞭一些非常貼近課堂教學和日常語言使用的例子,這讓復雜的問題變得直觀易懂。我尤其欣賞作者對於“學習者産齣中的構式遷移”的討論,這部分內容為我們理解學習者是如何從模闆化語言使用過渡到靈活運用提供瞭新的視角。在對比分析瞭不同教學乾預措施對雙及物構式啓動效果的影響後,我深刻認識到,僅僅是讓學生接觸大量包含該構式的語料還遠遠不夠,如何設計“有目的的、具有啓動潛力的”輸入環節,纔是提升學習效率的關鍵。這本書給我最大的啓發在於,它提醒我們不能將語言學習視為孤立的知識點學習,而應將其視為一個動態的、受先前經驗強烈影響的過程。對於一綫教師而言,這本書提供瞭諸多可以立即應用於課堂實踐的理論指導,極具指導意義。

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