《汤姆·索亚历险记》美国 小说家马克·吐温代表作,发表于1876年。小说主人公汤姆?索亚天真活泼,富于幻想和冒险,不堪忍受束缚个性、枯燥乏味的生活,幻想干一番英雄事业。小说通过主人公的冒险经历,对美国虚伪庸俗的社会习俗、伪善的宗教仪式和刻板陈腐的学校教育进行了讽刺和批判,以欢快的笔调描写了少年儿童自由活泼的心灵。《汤姆·索亚历险记》以其浓厚的深具地方特色的幽默和对人物敏锐观察,一跃成为*伟大的儿童文学作品,也是一头美国“黄金时代”的田园牧歌。
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《汤姆·索亚历险记》是美国 小说家马克·吐温的代表作,发表于1876年。小说主人公汤姆?索亚天真活泼,富于幻想和冒险,不堪忍受束缚个性、枯燥乏味的生活,幻想干一番英雄事业。小说通过主人公的冒险经历,对美国虚伪庸俗的社会习俗、伪善的宗教仪式和刻板陈腐的学校教育进行了讽刺和批判,以欢快的笔调描写了少年儿童自由活泼的心灵。《汤姆·索亚历险记》以其浓厚的深具地方特色的幽默和对人物敏锐观察,一跃成为*伟大的儿童文学作品,也是一头美国“黄金时代”的田园牧歌。 在这部作品中,儿童的灵动活泼和周围现实生活的陈腐刻板形成了鲜明的对照。故事向人们展示了一些社会弊病和黑暗现实,揭示了宗教的虚伪性,无情地嘲讽了庸俗的小市民习气。作品问世以来,一直受到读者的喜爱,成为一部世界名著。 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain is an 1876 novel about a young boy growing up along the Mississippi River. The story is set in the fictional town of St. Petersburg,inspired by Hannibal, Missouri, where Twain lived. Tom Sawyer lives with his Aunt Polly and his half brother Sid. Tom dirties his clothes in a fight and is made to whitewash the fence the next day as punishment. He cleverly persuades his friends to trade him small treasures for the privilege of doing his work. He then trades the treasures for Sunday School tickets which one normally receives for memorizing verses, redeeming them for a Bible, much to the surprise and bewilderment of the superintendent who thought “it was simply preposterous that this boy had warehoused two thousand sheaves of Scriptural wisdom on his premises—a dozen would strain his capacity, without a doubt.” Tom falls in love with Becky Thatcher, a new girl in town, and persuades her to get “engaged” by kissing him. But their romance collapses when she learns Tom has been “engaged” previously to Amy Lawrence. Shortly after Becky shuns him, he accompanies Huckleberry Finn to the graveyard at night, where they witness the murder of Dr. Robinson.
马克·吐温(Mark Twain.1835~1910),美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人,美国小说家。马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人,世界公认的短篇小说大师,被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”。他的创作大致可分为三个时期:早期作品表现了对美国民主所存的幻想,以短篇为主,幽默与讽刺结合,批判不足,作品有《竞选州长》、《高尔斯的朋友再度出洋》、《百万英镑》等;中期以长篇小说为主,讽刺性加强,重要作品包括《汤姆·索亚历险记》、《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》等;后期作品则由幽默讽刺转到愤怒的揭发、谴责、甚至有悲观的情绪,主要作品有《游记》等。其擅长使用幽默和讽刺,针砭时弊,毫不留情。他的作品对后来的美国文学产生了巨大深远的影响。
CHAPTER 1 /1
CHAPTER 2 /10
CHAPTER 3 /16
CHAPTER 4 /24
CHAPTER 5 /35
CHAPTER 6 /42
CHAPTER 7 /54
CHAPTER 8 /60
CHAPTER 9 /66
CHAPTER 10 /73
CHAPTER 11 /80
CHAPTER 12 /85
CHAPTER 13 /91
CHAPTER 14 /99
CHAPTER 15 /105
CHAPTER 16 /110
CHAPTER 17 /120
CHAPTER 18 /124
CHAPTER 19 /134
CHAPTER 20 /137
CHAPTER 21 /142
CHAPTER 22 /149
CHAPTER 23 /153
CHAPTER 24 /160
CHAPTER 25 /162
CHAPTER 26 /169
CHAPTER 27 /177
CHAPTER 28 /180
CHAPTER 29 /184
CHAPTER 30 /191
CHAPTER 31 /201
CHAPTER 32 /210
CHAPTER 33 /214
CHAPTER 34 /224
CHAPTER 35 /227
CONCLUSION /232
“TOM!”No answer.
“TOM!”No answer.
“What’s gone with that boy, I wonder? You TOM!” No answer.
The old lady pulled her spectacles down and looked over them about the room; then she put them up and looked out under them. She seldom or never looked through them for so small a thing as a boy; they were her state pair, the pride of her heart, and were built for “style,” not service—she could have seen through a pair of stove-lids just as well. She looked perplexed for a moment, and then said, not fiercely, but still loud enough for the furniture to hear:
“Well, I lay if I get hold of you I’ll—”
She did not finish, for by this time she was bending down and punching under the bed with the broom, and so she needed breath to punctuate the punches with. She resurrected nothing but the cat.
“I never did see the beat of that boy!”
She went to the open door and stood in it and looked out among the tomato vines and “jimpson” weeds that constituted the garden. No Tom. So she lifted up her voice at an angle calculated for distance and shouted:
“Y-o-u-u Tom!”
There was a slight noise behind her and she turned just in time to seize a small boy by the slack of his roundabout and arrest his flight.
“There! I might a thought of that closet. What you been doing in there?”
“Nothing.”
“Nothing! Look at your hands. And look at your mouth. What is that truck?”
“I don’t know, aunt.”
“Well, I know. It’s jam—that’s what it is. Forty times I’ve said if you didn’t let that jam alone I’d skin you. Hand me that switch.”
The switch hovered in the air—the peril was desperate.
“My! Look behind you, aunt!”
The old lady whirled round, and snatched her skirts out of danger. The lad fled on the instant, scrambled up the high Aunt Polly Beguiled board-fence, and disappeared over it.
His aunt Polly stood surprised a moment, and then broke into a gentle laugh.
“Hang the boy, can’t I never learn anything? Ain’t he played me tricks enough like that for me to be looking out for him by this time? But old fools is the biggest fools there is. Can’t learn an old
dog new tricks, as the saying is. But my goodness, he never plays them alike two days, and how is a body to know what’s coming? He ’pears to know just how long he can torment me before I get my dander up, and he knows if he can make out to put me off for a minute, or make me laugh, it’s all down again, and I can’t hit him a lick. I ain’t doing my duty by that boy, and that’s the Lord’s truth, goodness knows. Spare the rod and spile the child, as the Good Book says. I’m a laying up sin and suffering for us both, I know. He’s full of the Old Scratch, but laws-a-me! he’s my own dead sister’s boy, poor thing, and I ain’t got the heart to lash him, somehow. Every time I let him off, my conscience does hurt me so, and every time I hit him my old heart most breaks. Well-awell, man that is born of woman is of few days and full of trouble, as the Scripture says, and I reckon it’s so. He’ll play hookey this evening,a and I’ll just be obleeged to make him work tomorrow, to punish him. It’s mighty hard to make him work Saturdays, when all the boys is having holiday, but he hates work more than he hates anything else, and I’ve got to do some of my duty by him, or I’ll be the ruination of the child.”
Tom did play hookey, and he had a very good time. He got back home barely in season to help Jim, the small colored boy, saw nextday’s wood and split the kindlings before supper—at least he was there in time to tell his adventures to Jim, while Jim did three-fourths of the work. Tom’s younger brother (or rather halfbrother) Sid was already through with his part of the work (picking up chips), for he was a quiet boy, and had no adventurous, troublesome ways.
……
Most of the adventures recorded in this book really occurred; one or two were experiences of my own, the rest those of boys who were schoolmates of mine. Huck Finn is drawn from life; Tom Sawyer also, but not from an individual—he is a combination of the characteristics of three boys whom I knew, and therefore belongs to the composite order of architecture.
The odd superstitions touched upon were all prevalent among children and slaves in the West at the period of this story—that is to say, thirty or forty years ago.
Although my book is intended mainly for the entertainment of boys and girls, I hope it will not be shunned by men and women on that account, for part of my plan has been to try to pleasantly remind adults of what they once were themselves, and of how they felt and thought and talked, and what queer enterprises they sometimes engaged in.
THE AUTHOR
HARTFORD, 1876.
坦白说,第一次接触这类作品,我有点担心它会不会过于老套或幼稚,但事实证明我的顾虑完全是多余的。作者的叙述视角极为高明,他似乎站在一个洞察一切的成年人的角度,冷静而又充满温情地回顾了一段充满野性与光芒的青春岁月。这种双重视角使得故事既有孩童的视角带来的天真烂漫,又拥有成年人对事件意义的深刻理解。作品中对人性的刻画入木三分,无论是正直善良的伙伴,还是那些略显粗鄙但内心复杂的镇上居民,都被描绘得立体而真实,没有一个是扁平化的符号。这使得整部作品在娱乐性之外,更增添了一份对人类复杂情感的深刻描摹。它成功地将一个地方性的故事,提升到了具有普遍感染力的文学高度,是那种值得反复品味,并推荐给所有年龄段读者的佳作。
评分这本书的文字带着一种浑然天成的生命力,读起来就像是亲身踏入了密西西比河畔那个阳光炙烤、尘土飞扬的小镇。作者的笔触极其细腻,即便是最寻常的生活场景,也被描绘得栩栩如生,让人仿佛能闻到空气中泥土和青草混合的味道。我特别喜欢他对人物内心世界的刻画,那种孩子特有的狡黠、天真与面对困境时的那股不服输的劲头,都拿捏得恰到好处。整个故事的节奏把握得非常巧妙,时而轻松诙谐,让人忍不住发笑,时而又陡然转折,紧张得让人屏住呼吸。这种张弛有度的叙事,让阅读体验充满了惊喜,根本停不下来。它不只是一部简单的冒险故事,更像是一面镜子,映照出人性中那些最本真、最纯粹的东西。阅读过程中,我时常会陷入沉思,思考那些关于友情、成长和对规则的反叛。这种深层次的共鸣,才是真正让一本经典经久不衰的魅力所在。
评分这本书的文字给我带来了一种久违的、近乎酣畅淋漓的阅读快感。它处理冲突的方式非常高明,既不回避现实的残酷,又不失对美好事物的坚定守护。作者对于幽默感的运用达到了炉火纯青的地步,那些机智的对话和令人啼笑皆非的场景,让人在捧腹大笑之余,又能感受到角色们在逆境中的坚韧。我特别喜欢它对于“界限”的探讨,书中角色们不断地试探、挑战和模糊着成人世界设下的规则,这体现了一种对僵化教条的本能反抗。这种对自由的向往,贯穿始终,并最终通过一系列惊心动魄的经历得到了某种程度的实现。这种充满活力的叙事,完全摆脱了说教的窠臼,而是让读者在跟随主人公的冒险中,自己去领悟何为正义,何为真正的勇敢。
评分初次翻开这本书,我原本只是想找点轻松的东西来打发时间,没想到却被一种强烈的怀旧情绪深深攫住了。作者的语言风格,那种带着浓厚地方色彩和时代烙印的表达方式,简直是时间旅行的船票。你仿佛能感受到十八世纪美国中西部那种粗犷又充满自由精神的氛围。那些关于恶作剧、逃学、以及在河边度过的漫长夏日,唤醒了我记忆深处那些早已被遗忘的童年片段,虽然我的童年环境与书中的大相径庭,但那种无拘无束的渴望却是共通的。更令人赞叹的是,作者在铺陈冒险故事的同时,对社会百态的观察也极为犀利,他用一种近乎戏谑的口吻,不动声色地讽刺了成人世界的虚伪和教条。这种夹杂在欢乐之中的深刻洞察,使得作品的层次感一下子就丰富起来,绝非一部肤浅的儿童读物可比拟。
评分这本书的结构设计堪称一绝,每一个小小的事件似乎都是精心布置的伏笔,最终汇集成了一场波澜壮阔的命运交织。我欣赏作者构建世界的功力,无论是小镇的街景、幽暗的洞穴,还是那条广阔的河流,都拥有明确的地理和情感坐标。随着情节的推进,人物的性格也在不断的考验中得到锤炼和升华,那种青涩的勇气在关键时刻爆发出惊人的力量,让人为之动容。尤其是那些情节的高潮部分,充满了戏剧张力,让人手心冒汗,几乎能听到自己加速的心跳声。它不仅仅是关于一个男孩的成长历程,它更像是一部关于勇气、道德选择与自我发现的寓言。每一次重读,都能从中挖掘出新的细节和更深层次的含义,这或许就是经典文学作品的独特魔力吧,永远都能给予读者新的启示。
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